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came to her rescue

  • 1 acudir al rescate

    (v.) = come to + Posesivo + rescue
    Ex. She pleaded, futilely, in broken French, until an elderly man, hearing the commotion, came to her rescue.
    * * *
    (v.) = come to + Posesivo + rescue

    Ex: She pleaded, futilely, in broken French, until an elderly man, hearing the commotion, came to her rescue.

    Spanish-English dictionary > acudir al rescate

  • 2 jaleo

    m.
    1 row, rumpus (alboroto).
    armar jaleo to kick up a row o fuss
    2 mess, confusion.
    3 cheering (aplausos, gritos).
    4 fuss, babel, racket, row.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: jalear.
    * * *
    1 (alboroto) din, racket
    2 (escándalo) fuss, commotion
    3 (riña) row
    4 (confusión) muddle
    * * *
    SM
    1) * (=ruido) row, racket
    2) * (=confusión) mess, muddle; (=problema) hassle
    3) * (=juerga) binge *
    4) (Mús) shouting and clapping ( to encourage dancers)
    5) (Caza) hallooing
    * * *
    masculino (fam)
    a) (alboroto, ruido) racket (colloq), row (colloq)
    b) ( confusión) muddle, mess; ( desorden) mess; ( problemas) hassle (colloq)
    d) ( riña) brawl
    * * *
    = fireworks, buzz, rumpus, hoopla, hubbub, ruckus, commotion, racket, palaver.
    Ex. 'You know, Tom, if I ever find another job -- and I'm already looking -- there will be some fireworks around here before I leave, I can guarantee you that!'.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'Turf wars in the playback software arena: Microsoft Netshow, Windows Multimedia Player, and all that buzz'.
    Ex. Then reading of this story aloud to young children as they look at the pictures, needs a firm, quiet voice, until that glorious wordless pictorial passage showing the 'wild rumpus,' when at least one reader discovers it is necessary to give a one-man vocal performance of some rumbustious classical music as accompaniment to the viewing of those pages.
    Ex. Amid the hoopla, she hasn't forgotten its roots.
    Ex. And arming himself with patience and piety he tarried awhile until the hubbub was stilled.
    Ex. Sometime back a heroine created a ruckus by saying that the actor acted fresh with her by biting her lips in a smooching scene.
    Ex. She pleaded, futilely, in broken French, until an elderly man, hearing the commotion, came to her rescue.
    Ex. He says the library science degree is a racket; that there's nothing taught in library school that can't be better learned on the job.
    Ex. Most fashion-conscious shoppers will beaware of the palaver caused last month by the swastika design embroidered on a Zara handbag.
    ----
    * ¡qué jaleo! = what a palaver!.
    * * *
    masculino (fam)
    a) (alboroto, ruido) racket (colloq), row (colloq)
    b) ( confusión) muddle, mess; ( desorden) mess; ( problemas) hassle (colloq)
    d) ( riña) brawl
    * * *
    = fireworks, buzz, rumpus, hoopla, hubbub, ruckus, commotion, racket, palaver.

    Ex: 'You know, Tom, if I ever find another job -- and I'm already looking -- there will be some fireworks around here before I leave, I can guarantee you that!'.

    Ex: The article is entitled 'Turf wars in the playback software arena: Microsoft Netshow, Windows Multimedia Player, and all that buzz'.
    Ex: Then reading of this story aloud to young children as they look at the pictures, needs a firm, quiet voice, until that glorious wordless pictorial passage showing the 'wild rumpus,' when at least one reader discovers it is necessary to give a one-man vocal performance of some rumbustious classical music as accompaniment to the viewing of those pages.
    Ex: Amid the hoopla, she hasn't forgotten its roots.
    Ex: And arming himself with patience and piety he tarried awhile until the hubbub was stilled.
    Ex: Sometime back a heroine created a ruckus by saying that the actor acted fresh with her by biting her lips in a smooching scene.
    Ex: She pleaded, futilely, in broken French, until an elderly man, hearing the commotion, came to her rescue.
    Ex: He says the library science degree is a racket; that there's nothing taught in library school that can't be better learned on the job.
    Ex: Most fashion-conscious shoppers will beaware of the palaver caused last month by the swastika design embroidered on a Zara handbag.
    * ¡qué jaleo! = what a palaver!.

    * * *
    ( fam)
    1 (alboroto, ruido) racket ( colloq), row ( colloq), ruckus ( AmE colloq)
    2 (confusión) muddle, mess; (desorden) mess; (problemas) hassle ( colloq)
    me armo un jaleo con estas calles I get into a muddle o I get confused with these streets
    perdón por este jaleo, es que acabo de llegar de viaje excuse the mess, I've just got back from a trip
    3
    (actividad intensa): hemos tenido mucho jaleo en casa everything's been very hectic at home
    con todo el jaleo de la mudanza with all the upheaval of the move
    4 (riña) brawl
    aquí no quiero jaleos I don't want any brawling here
    * * *

    Del verbo jalear: ( conjugate jalear)

    jaleo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    jaleó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    jalear    
    jaleo
    jaleo sustantivo masculino (fam)
    a) (alboroto, ruido) racket (colloq), row (colloq)


    ( desorden) mess;
    ( problemas) hassle (colloq)


    con todo el jaleo de la mudanza with all the upheaval of the move
    d) ( riña) brawl

    jalear vtr (animar) to cheer (on)
    jaleo sustantivo masculino
    1 (ruido) din, racket
    armar jaleo, to make a racket
    2 (situación confusa) muddle
    3 (bronca) row
    ' jaleo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    alborotar
    - alboroto
    - buena
    - bueno
    - bulla
    - cacao
    - escándalo
    - folclore
    - follón
    - lomo
    - meter
    - montarse
    - ruido
    - taco
    - zarabanda
    - armar
    - gresca
    - pelotera
    - quilombo
    - revuelta
    English:
    almighty
    - din
    - fuss
    - racket
    - ruckus
    - rumpus
    - to-do
    - ructions
    - to
    * * *
    jaleo nm
    Fam
    1. [lío] mess, confusion;
    había un jaleo enorme a la entrada del estadio it was utter chaos outside the stadium;
    no encuentro el documento entre tanto jaleo de papeles I can't find the document amongst all this muddle o jumble of papers;
    tengo mucho jaleo en la oficina things are pretty hectic for me at the office just now;
    un jaleo de cifras a jumble of figures;
    en menudo jaleo te has metido that's a real mess you've landed yourself in;
    con este programa me armo mucho jaleo this program is a nightmare
    2. [alboroto] row, rumpus;
    armar jaleo to kick up a row o fuss
    3. [ruido] racket, row;
    [aplausos, gritos] cheering;
    armar jaleo to make a racket
    * * *
    m
    1 ( ruido) racket, uproar;
    armar jaleo fam kick up a fuss fam
    2 ( lío) mess, muddle
    * * *
    jaleo nm, fam
    1) : uproar, ruckus, racket
    2) fam : confusion, hassle
    3) : cheering and clapping (for a dance)
    * * *
    1. (ruido) racket / row
    ¡no arméis tanto jaleo! stop making such a racket!
    2. (problemas) trouble
    como se entere tu padre, habrá jaleo there'll be trouble if your dad finds out

    Spanish-English dictionary > jaleo

  • 3 conmoción

    f.
    1 commotion, bustle, shake, stir.
    2 commotion, bustle, tumult, riot.
    3 fuss, anxious preparations.
    * * *
    1 commotion, shock
    2 MEDICINA concussion
    \
    conmoción cerebral concussion
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (Geol) shock, tremor
    2) (Med)
    3) (=perturbación) shock
    4) (Pol) disturbance
    * * *
    a) (Med) concussion
    b) (trastorno, agitación)
    c) (Geol) shock
    * * *
    = riot, hype, the, jolt, tumult, stir, convulsion, hoopla, spin, commotion, shake.
    Ex. The subjects referred to recur frequently in the writings of the 'socially committed' -- drugs, sex, racism, student unrest, riots, scandals in government, conservation, the role of women in society are among them.
    Ex. However, given the hype about the networking of public libraries in the US, it is perhaps surprising to note that only 21% have some form of connection to the Internet.
    Ex. The automation of the catalogue was the single most disconcerting jolt to hit modern libraries up to that time.
    Ex. This volume of essays looks to the formative processes that have shaped human relations in the midst of this century's tumult of wars, revolutions, and international confrontation.
    Ex. With all this stir on accountability, the process of evaluation needs objective guidelines.
    Ex. Spain's transition from dictatorship to pacific and stable democracy without producing major national convulsions is remarkable.
    Ex. Amid the hoopla, she hasn't forgotten its roots.
    Ex. In our media saturated world of high-blown hype and suffocating spin they do their best to tell you the truth.
    Ex. She pleaded, futilely, in broken French, until an elderly man, hearing the commotion, came to her rescue.
    Ex. It's a very intense throbbing pain that sends her body into quivers and shakes.
    ----
    * causar conmoción = cause + a ripple.
    * * *
    a) (Med) concussion
    b) (trastorno, agitación)
    c) (Geol) shock
    * * *
    = riot, hype, the, jolt, tumult, stir, convulsion, hoopla, spin, commotion, shake.

    Ex: The subjects referred to recur frequently in the writings of the 'socially committed' -- drugs, sex, racism, student unrest, riots, scandals in government, conservation, the role of women in society are among them.

    Ex: However, given the hype about the networking of public libraries in the US, it is perhaps surprising to note that only 21% have some form of connection to the Internet.
    Ex: The automation of the catalogue was the single most disconcerting jolt to hit modern libraries up to that time.
    Ex: This volume of essays looks to the formative processes that have shaped human relations in the midst of this century's tumult of wars, revolutions, and international confrontation.
    Ex: With all this stir on accountability, the process of evaluation needs objective guidelines.
    Ex: Spain's transition from dictatorship to pacific and stable democracy without producing major national convulsions is remarkable.
    Ex: Amid the hoopla, she hasn't forgotten its roots.
    Ex: In our media saturated world of high-blown hype and suffocating spin they do their best to tell you the truth.
    Ex: She pleaded, futilely, in broken French, until an elderly man, hearing the commotion, came to her rescue.
    Ex: It's a very intense throbbing pain that sends her body into quivers and shakes.
    * causar conmoción = cause + a ripple.

    * * *
    1 ( Med) concussion
    2
    (trastorno, agitación): el siniestro produjo una profunda conmoción en el país the disaster left the country in a state of profound shock
    la separación de Marujita produjo una conmoción familiar Marujita's separation caused great upset in the family
    3 ( Geol) shock
    Compuesto:
    concussion
    * * *

    conmoción sustantivo femenino
    a) (Med) tb


    b) (trastorno, agitación):


    c) (Geol) shock

    conmoción sustantivo femenino
    1 (emoción muy fuerte) commotion, shock
    2 Med conmoción cerebral, concussion
    ' conmoción' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    impacto
    - producir
    - revuelo
    English:
    concussion
    - ferment
    - flap
    - shock
    - commotion
    - concuss
    - stir
    * * *
    1. [física] shock
    conmoción cerebral concussion;
    la caída le produjo una conmoción cerebral he suffered concussion as a result of the fall
    2. [psíquica] shock;
    su muerte causó conmoción a la familia his death left the family in a state of shock
    3. [tumulto] upheaval
    4. [sísmica] shock
    * * *
    f
    1 shock
    2 ( agitación) upheaval
    * * *
    conmoción nf, pl - ciones
    1) : shock, upheaval
    2) or
    conmoción cerebral : concussion
    * * *
    conmoción n shock

    Spanish-English dictionary > conmoción

  • 4 en vano

    in vain
    * * *
    = vainly, in vain, helplessly, to no avail, futilely, without any avail, of no avail
    Ex. A recitation of the best thought out principles for a cataloging code is easily drowned out by the clatter of a bank of direct access devices vainly searching for misplaced records.
    Ex. In vain I walked from one end of London to the other, and trod the 'stony-hearted streets' from morning to night, day after day.
    Ex. Before saying anything, she glanced long into the humid eyes of the woman sitting helplessly in front of her.
    Ex. So when the user looked to no avail under all of these entries, he understandably concluded the library did not own the volume.
    Ex. She pleaded, futilely, in broken French, until an elderly man, hearing the commotion, came to her rescue.
    Ex. I have been searching for a solution to this problem without any avail -- Maybe someone here can offer a suggestion?.
    Ex. All medicines were tried but of no avail, he remained in his state of absolute forgetfulness of the world.
    * * *
    = vainly, in vain, helplessly, to no avail, futilely, without any avail, of no avail

    Ex: A recitation of the best thought out principles for a cataloging code is easily drowned out by the clatter of a bank of direct access devices vainly searching for misplaced records.

    Ex: In vain I walked from one end of London to the other, and trod the 'stony-hearted streets' from morning to night, day after day.
    Ex: Before saying anything, she glanced long into the humid eyes of the woman sitting helplessly in front of her.
    Ex: So when the user looked to no avail under all of these entries, he understandably concluded the library did not own the volume.
    Ex: She pleaded, futilely, in broken French, until an elderly man, hearing the commotion, came to her rescue.
    Ex: I have been searching for a solution to this problem without any avail -- Maybe someone here can offer a suggestion?.
    Ex: All medicines were tried but of no avail, he remained in his state of absolute forgetfulness of the world.

    Spanish-English dictionary > en vano

  • 5 alboroto

    m.
    1 din (ruido).
    2 fuss, to-do (jaleo).
    3 lot of noise, brawl, riot, bustle.
    4 frolic, noise, hullabaloo.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: alborotar.
    * * *
    1 (gritería) din, racket, row
    2 (desorden) uproar, commotion, disturbance
    3 (sobresalto) shock, alarm
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) riot
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=disturbio) disturbance; (=vocerío) racket, row; (=jaleo) uproar; (=motín) riot; (=pelea) brawl
    2) (=susto) scare, alarm
    3) pl alborotos CAm (=rosetas de maíz) popcorn sing
    * * *
    a) (agitación, nerviosismo) agitation; ( excitación) excitement
    b) ( ruido) racket
    c) (disturbio, jaleo) disturbance, commotion; ( motín) riot
    * * *
    = fuss, buzz, hype, the, uproar, hoopla, hue and cry, hubbub, spin, commotion, hilarity, rumpus, racket, fracas, hustle and bustle, hurly-burly, riot.
    Ex. Hernandez decided that if he wished to survive in this restrictive atmosphere his options were clearly the following: don't make waves, do a good job with no fuss of which he could be proud, and try to gain Balzac's respect.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'Turf wars in the playback software arena: Microsoft Netshow, Windows Multimedia Player, and all that buzz'.
    Ex. However, given the hype about the networking of public libraries in the US, it is perhaps surprising to note that only 21% have some form of connection to the Internet.
    Ex. The film tells of the uproar the librarian created when he extended an invitation to an advocate of theories on black inferiority to address a high school assembly.
    Ex. Amid the hoopla, she hasn't forgotten its roots.
    Ex. There was no great hue and cry from the coastal community when the two papers appeared in print.
    Ex. And arming himself with patience and piety he tarried awhile until the hubbub was stilled.
    Ex. In our media saturated world of high-blown hype and suffocating spin they do their best to tell you the truth.
    Ex. She pleaded, futilely, in broken French, until an elderly man, hearing the commotion, came to her rescue.
    Ex. The author combines southern warmth with unabashed emotion and side-splitting hilarity.
    Ex. Then reading of this story aloud to young children as they look at the pictures, needs a firm, quiet voice, until that glorious wordless pictorial passage showing the 'wild rumpus,' when at least one reader discovers it is necessary to give a one-man vocal performance of some rumbustious classical music as accompaniment to the viewing of those pages.
    Ex. He says the library science degree is a racket; that there's nothing taught in library school that can't be better learned on the job.
    Ex. There are, as I see it, approximately three positions one can take on the matter, each with its own adherents in the current fracas.
    Ex. The article ' Hustle and bustle or solemn silence?' argues that changes in society require a re-examination of the library's role.
    Ex. No, the hurly-burly of politics holds no enchantment for me, I in fact have a deep rooted scepticism and I am disillusioned about politics.
    Ex. The subjects referred to recur frequently in the writings of the 'socially committed' -- drugs, sex, racism, student unrest, riots, scandals in government, conservation, the role of women in society are among them.
    ----
    * causar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.
    * provocar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.
    * * *
    a) (agitación, nerviosismo) agitation; ( excitación) excitement
    b) ( ruido) racket
    c) (disturbio, jaleo) disturbance, commotion; ( motín) riot
    * * *
    = fuss, buzz, hype, the, uproar, hoopla, hue and cry, hubbub, spin, commotion, hilarity, rumpus, racket, fracas, hustle and bustle, hurly-burly, riot.

    Ex: Hernandez decided that if he wished to survive in this restrictive atmosphere his options were clearly the following: don't make waves, do a good job with no fuss of which he could be proud, and try to gain Balzac's respect.

    Ex: The article is entitled 'Turf wars in the playback software arena: Microsoft Netshow, Windows Multimedia Player, and all that buzz'.
    Ex: However, given the hype about the networking of public libraries in the US, it is perhaps surprising to note that only 21% have some form of connection to the Internet.
    Ex: The film tells of the uproar the librarian created when he extended an invitation to an advocate of theories on black inferiority to address a high school assembly.
    Ex: Amid the hoopla, she hasn't forgotten its roots.
    Ex: There was no great hue and cry from the coastal community when the two papers appeared in print.
    Ex: And arming himself with patience and piety he tarried awhile until the hubbub was stilled.
    Ex: In our media saturated world of high-blown hype and suffocating spin they do their best to tell you the truth.
    Ex: She pleaded, futilely, in broken French, until an elderly man, hearing the commotion, came to her rescue.
    Ex: The author combines southern warmth with unabashed emotion and side-splitting hilarity.
    Ex: Then reading of this story aloud to young children as they look at the pictures, needs a firm, quiet voice, until that glorious wordless pictorial passage showing the 'wild rumpus,' when at least one reader discovers it is necessary to give a one-man vocal performance of some rumbustious classical music as accompaniment to the viewing of those pages.
    Ex: He says the library science degree is a racket; that there's nothing taught in library school that can't be better learned on the job.
    Ex: There are, as I see it, approximately three positions one can take on the matter, each with its own adherents in the current fracas.
    Ex: The article ' Hustle and bustle or solemn silence?' argues that changes in society require a re-examination of the library's role.
    Ex: No, the hurly-burly of politics holds no enchantment for me, I in fact have a deep rooted scepticism and I am disillusioned about politics.
    Ex: The subjects referred to recur frequently in the writings of the 'socially committed' -- drugs, sex, racism, student unrest, riots, scandals in government, conservation, the role of women in society are among them.
    * causar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.
    * provocar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.

    * * *
    A
    1 (agitación, nerviosismo) agitation; (excitación) excitement
    2 (ruido) racket
    B
    1 (disturbio, jaleo) disturbance, commotion, ruckus ( AmE colloq)
    2 (motín) riot
    * * *

    Del verbo alborotar: ( conjugate alborotar)

    alboroto es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    alborotó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    alborotar    
    alboroto
    alborotar ( conjugate alborotar) verbo intransitivo
    to make a racket
    verbo transitivo
    a) ( agitar) to agitate, get … agitated;

    ( excitar) to get … excited

    alborotarse verbo pronominal
    a) ( agitarse) to get agitated o upset;

    ( excitarse) to get excited

    alboroto sustantivo masculino
    a) (agitación, nerviosismo) agitation;

    ( excitación) excitement

    c) (disturbio, jaleo) disturbance, commotion;

    ( motín) riot
    alborotar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (causar agitación) to agitate, work up
    2 (revolver, desordenar) to make untidy, turn upside down
    II vi (causar jaleo) to kick up a racket
    alboroto sustantivo masculino
    1 (jaleo) din, racket
    2 (disturbios) disturbance, uproar
    ' alboroto' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    alteración
    - armar
    - gresca
    - mogollón
    - organizarse
    - barullo
    - bochinche
    - bronca
    - escándalo
    - jaleo
    - tumulto
    English:
    commotion
    - disturbance
    - excitement
    - fuss
    - hubbub
    - pandemonium
    - rowdy
    - uproar
    - up
    * * *
    nm
    1. [ruido] din;
    había mucho alboroto en la calle there was a lot of noise in the street
    2. [jaleo] fuss, to-do;
    se armó un gran alboroto there was a huge fuss;
    se produjeron alborotos callejeros there were street disturbances
    alborotos nmpl
    CAm popcorn
    * * *
    m commotion
    * * *
    1) : disturbance, ruckus
    2) motín: riot
    * * *
    1. (jaleo) racket
    2. (disturbio) disturbance / riot

    Spanish-English dictionary > alboroto

  • 6 en un + Idioma + chapurreado

    = in broken + Idioma
    Ex. She pleaded, futilely, in broken French, until an elderly man, hearing the commotion, came to her rescue.
    * * *
    = in broken + Idioma

    Ex: She pleaded, futilely, in broken French, until an elderly man, hearing the commotion, came to her rescue.

    Spanish-English dictionary > en un + Idioma + chapurreado

  • 7 hombre mayor

    m.
    older man.
    * * *
    (n.) = elderly man
    Ex. She pleaded, futilely, in broken French, until an elderly man, hearing the commotion, came to her rescue.
    * * *

    Ex: She pleaded, futilely, in broken French, until an elderly man, hearing the commotion, came to her rescue.

    Spanish-English dictionary > hombre mayor

  • 8 inútilmente

    adv.
    for nothing, in vain, ineffectually, pointlessly.
    * * *
    ADV (=sin utilidad) uselessly; (=en vano) vainly, fruitlessly
    * * *
    adverbio uselessly
    * * *
    = uselessly, futilely, vainly.
    Ex. 'Out of the secretarial world it comes, the prime example of the untethered query, bobbing uselessly about till one can tell what caused it to be launched'.
    Ex. She pleaded, futilely, in broken French, until an elderly man, hearing the commotion, came to her rescue.
    Ex. A recitation of the best thought out principles for a cataloging code is easily drowned out by the clatter of a bank of direct access devices vainly searching for misplaced records.
    * * *
    adverbio uselessly
    * * *
    = uselessly, futilely, vainly.

    Ex: 'Out of the secretarial world it comes, the prime example of the untethered query, bobbing uselessly about till one can tell what caused it to be launched'.

    Ex: She pleaded, futilely, in broken French, until an elderly man, hearing the commotion, came to her rescue.
    Ex: A recitation of the best thought out principles for a cataloging code is easily drowned out by the clatter of a bank of direct access devices vainly searching for misplaced records.

    * * *
    uselessly
    * * *

    inútilmente adverbio pointlessly, needlessly, to no avail: barrieron inútilmente las hojas, they pointlessly swept up the leaves
    ' inútilmente' also found in these entries:
    English:
    helplessly
    - pointlessly
    - unhelpfully
    - uselessly
    * * *
    in vain, to no avail;
    no sueñes inútilmente, no podemos permitirnos hacer ese viaje there's no point in dreaming about it, we can't afford that trip
    * * *
    adv uselessly
    * * *
    inútilmente adv uselessly

    Spanish-English dictionary > inútilmente

  • 9 revuelo

    m.
    1 commotion.
    armar o causar un gran revuelo to cause a stir
    2 turmoil, commotion, stir, storm.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: revolar.
    * * *
    1 (revoloteo) fluttering
    2 figurado commotion, stir
    \
    armar un gran revuelo / provocar un gran revuelo to cause a great stir
    * * *
    SM
    1) [de aves] flutter, fluttering
    2) (=conmoción) stir, commotion; (=jaleo) row, rumpus

    de revuelo — incidentally, in passing

    armar o levantar un gran revuelo — to cause a great stir

    * * *

    el disparo produjo un revuelo de palomasa mass o cloud of pigeons flew up when the shot was fired

    * * *
    = stir, hue and cry, brouhaha, commotion, whirr of activity, flurry of activity.
    Ex. With all this stir on accountability, the process of evaluation needs objective guidelines.
    Ex. There was no great hue and cry from the coastal community when the two papers appeared in print.
    Ex. He believes that most political brouhahas are cooked up to divert the public's attention from the real terrorism.
    Ex. She pleaded, futilely, in broken French, until an elderly man, hearing the commotion, came to her rescue.
    Ex. The wedding day morning is usually a whirr of activity -- everybody running here and there.
    Ex. In all this flurry of activity in the early seventies public libraries were not only ignored but showed little interest, in spite of the fact that inroads were being made into their traditional library functions.
    ----
    * armar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.
    * armar un revuelo = create + a storm.
    * causar revuelo = cause + a stir, create + a stir.
    * causar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons, make + a splash.
    * levantar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.
    * provocar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.
    * * *

    el disparo produjo un revuelo de palomasa mass o cloud of pigeons flew up when the shot was fired

    * * *
    = stir, hue and cry, brouhaha, commotion, whirr of activity, flurry of activity.

    Ex: With all this stir on accountability, the process of evaluation needs objective guidelines.

    Ex: There was no great hue and cry from the coastal community when the two papers appeared in print.
    Ex: He believes that most political brouhahas are cooked up to divert the public's attention from the real terrorism.
    Ex: She pleaded, futilely, in broken French, until an elderly man, hearing the commotion, came to her rescue.
    Ex: The wedding day morning is usually a whirr of activity -- everybody running here and there.
    Ex: In all this flurry of activity in the early seventies public libraries were not only ignored but showed little interest, in spite of the fact that inroads were being made into their traditional library functions.
    * armar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.
    * armar un revuelo = create + a storm.
    * causar revuelo = cause + a stir, create + a stir.
    * causar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons, make + a splash.
    * levantar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.
    * provocar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.

    * * *
    causó revuelo/un gran revuelo it caused a stir/a huge stir
    2
    (de pájaros): el disparo produjo un revuelo de palomas a mass o cloud of pigeons flew up when the shot was fired
    * * *

    revuelo sustantivo masculino ( conmoción) stir
    revuelo sustantivo masculino
    1 (situación) stir, commotion
    2 (de los pájaros, etc) fluttering
    ' revuelo' also found in these entries:
    English:
    cat
    - song
    - stir
    - storm
    - hue
    * * *
    1. [agitación] commotion;
    armar o [m5] causar un gran revuelo to cause a stir
    2. [revoloteo] fluttering
    3. Am [de gallo] thrust with the spur
    * * *
    m stir;
    causar revuelo cause a stir
    * * *
    1) : fluttering
    2) : commotion, stir

    Spanish-English dictionary > revuelo

  • 10 to

    tu: (полная форма) ;
    (редуцированная форма, употр. перед гласными) ;
    (редуцированная форма, употр. перед согласными)
    1. предл.
    1) местные и пространственные значения а) выражает движение к какой-л. точке и достижение ее, управляет словом, обозначающим эту точку;
    также с наречиями к, в, тж. перен. Forester was sent to Edinburgh. ≈ Форестера послали в Эдинбург. The first train to London. ≈ Первый поезд в Лондон, на Лондон. He has removed to near Rugby. ≈ Он переехал поблизости от Регби. Come here to me. ≈ Подойди сюда ко мне. When he came to the crown. ≈ Когда он взошел на престол. To trace how the stories came to Spain. ≈ Отследить, как вести об этом попали в Испанию. б) значение направления в какую-л. сторону к, на Standing with his back to me. ≈ Он стоял спиной ко мне. He pointed to a clump of trees. ≈ Он указал на рощицу. The bedrooms to the back are much larger. ≈ Спальни на задней стороне дома гораздо больше. в) выражает предел движения, протяжения в пространстве до Protestant to the backbone. ≈ Протестант до мозга костей. The thermometer has risen to above
    32. ≈ Температура перевалила за
    32. It is eleven miles from Oxford to Witney. ≈ От Оксфорда до Уитни одиннадцать миль. г) выражает нахождение где-л. в, на Stayed to Canfields all night. ≈ Оставался в Кенфилдс всю ночью Were you ever to the Botanic Gardens? ≈ Ты когда-нибудь бывал в Ботаническом Саду? to work д) выражает соположение, соприкосновение к, у He stood up to the wall. ≈ Он стоял, прислонившись к стене. His mouth to my mouth. ≈ Его рот касался моего. They will find everything ready to their hands. ≈ У них все будет под рукой.
    2) временные отношения;
    временной предел, окончание срока к, до The parliament was prorogued to the tenth of February. ≈ Перерыв в работе парламента должен был продлиться до десятого февраля. The business hours were from ten to six. ≈ Рабочий день был с десяти до шести. How long is it to dinner, sir? ≈ Сколько осталось до ужина, сэр? It was exactly a quarter to four o'clock. ≈ Было без четверти четыре. Ainsworth came to this time. ≈ К этому времени подошел Эйнсворт.
    3) отношения достижения цели, результата, эффекта а) выражает цель деятельности для, под The captain came to our rescue. ≈ Капитан пришел к нам на помощь. The indispensable means to our end. ≈ Необходимые средства для достижения нашей цели. You sit down to Scripture at your bureau. ≈ Засядь-ка за Писание у себя в кабинете. Having laid down a few acres to oats. ≈ Отведя несколько акров под овес. The land sown to barley increases. ≈ Площади, засеваемые хмелем, расширяются. б) конечный пункт движения, ожидаемый исход, результат He had made up his mind to the event. ≈ Он настроился на это дело. To his astonishment. ≈ К его удивлению. To light those buildings by electricity, to the total exclusion of gas. ≈ Освещать эти здания электричеством, что приведет к полному отказу от газа. But now, to his despair, he felt that his patient herself was fighting against his skill. ≈ Теперь, к своему отчаянию, он понял, что теперь против него борется и сам пациент. The glasses are all to bits. ≈ Стекла все вдребезги разбиты. в) по отношению к, в отношении к Instead of marrying Torfrida, I have more mind to her niece. ≈ Я не хочу жениться на Торфриде, у меня больше склонности к ее племяннице. This lease is a document of title to land. ≈ Этот документ об аредне есть документ о праве собственности на эту землю. The high-born poem which had Sackville to father. ≈ Поэт благородного происхождения, чей отец был Сэквилл.
    4) со словами, выражающими объем, степень, размер Sir Tomkyn swore he was hers to the last drop of his blood. ≈ Сэр Томкин поклялся, что принадлежит ей полностью, до самой последней капли крови. He was generally punctual to a minute. ≈ Он был обычно пунктуален до минут. The bishops were hostile to a man. ≈ Все священнки до единого были враждебны. Gallant, courteous, and brave, even to chivalry. ≈ Галантный, вежливый и бесстрашный, почти до рыцарства. She was in love with him to distraction. ≈ Она была влюблена в него до самозабвения. The schoolroom was hot to suffocation. ≈ В классе было жарко так, что можно было задохнуться.
    5) в значении добавки, добавления, приложения а) под, к, вместе с;
    у It is impossible any longer to find a pound of butter or cream to our tea in all the country. ≈ Теперь нигде невозможно найти ни масла, ни сливок к чаю. I am growing old, and want more mustard to my meat. ≈ Я старею, мне требуется больше горчицы к мясу. One little boy complained that there was no rim to his plate. ≈ Один мальчик пожаловался, что у его тарелки не было края. Without clothing to his back, or shoes to his feet. ≈ Спина была голая, на ногах не было обуви. ride to hounds б) о музыке There is an old song, to the tune of La Belle Catharine. ≈ Есть старая песенка, на мелодию "La Belle Catharine". в) к My lips might freeze to my teeth. ≈ У меня губы сейчас к зубам примерзнут. To that opinion I shall always adhere. ≈ Я всегда буду выражать эти взгляды. г) для Courage is the body to will. ≈ Смелость - плоть для воли. The Hall now forms the vestibule to the Houses of Parliament. ≈ Этот зал теперь служит вестибюлем перед залами заседаний парламента. д) у, в (как свойство, характеристика) Tell me what there is to this shindy. ≈ Ну-ка расскажи, о чем здесь веселье There's a lot to him that doesn't show up on the surface. ≈ В нем есть многое, что не видно на поверхности.
    6) отношение к стандарту, точке отсчета а) для, при, по сравнению с, на фоне It was so thick to its length. ≈ При ее длинне эта штука была очень толстая. Now, pretty well to what they had been. ≈ Теперь они чувствуют себя гораздо лучше, по сравнению с тем, что с ними было. Strangely contrasted to the chill aspect of the lake. ≈ Странно контрастирующий с леденящим видом озера. б) к (о соотношении сил) Their enemies were four to one. ≈ Враг превосходил их по численности в четыре раза. Mr. Gladstone's motion was carried by 337 to
    38. ≈ Предложение г-на Гладстона прошло, за 337 человек, против
    38. Odds are ten to three. ≈ Ставки десять к трем. в) по, для, в соответствии с He dresses to the fashion. ≈ Он одевается по моде. Temple is not a man to our taste. ≈ Для нас Темпл не человек. Men were noodles to her. ≈ Для нее все мужчины были слабаки. To all appearance. ≈ Судя по всему. He has not been here to-day to my knowledge. ≈ Насколько я знаю, сегодня его не было. г) к, в отношении, по поводу What will Doris say to it? ≈ Что на это говорит Дорис? д) с, к, по отношению к Inclined to the horizon. ≈ Наклоненный к горизонту. He was unable to see how they lie to each other. ≈ Он не мог осознать, насколько они лгут друг другу.
    7) скорее аффективные значения а) переход к какой-л. деятельности Let's to it presently. ≈ Давайте теперь обратимся к этому. Come, lads, all hands to work! ≈ Так, ребята, за работу! б) причинение кому-л. или чему-л. чего-л. I presented the gun to him without any other idea but that of intimidation. ≈ Я наставил на него пистолет, имея в виду только испугать его. His father's unmerciful use of the whip to him. ≈ Отец нещадно охаживал его кнутом. Clodius had an old grudge to the King, for refusing to ransom him. ≈ У Клодия давно были к королю счеты зуб за то, что тот не выкупил его. в) обращение к кому-л. Did you not mark a woman, my son rose to? ≈ Разве ты не отметил ту женщину, которой поклонился мой сын? A hymn in hexameters to the Virgin Mary. ≈ Гекзаметрический гимн в честь Девы Марии. Come, speak to him! ≈ Ну же, заговори с ним! With continual toasting healths to the Royal Family. ≈ С бесконечными тостами за здравие королевской фамилии. г) реакция на что-л. The dead leaf trembles to the bells. ≈ Колокольный звон колышет мертвые листья. All the throng who have danced to a merry tune. ≈ Все те, что танцевали под развеселые мелодии (Питер Хэммилл, "Детская вера во взросление")
    8) синтаксические функции утраченного дательного падежа а) обозначает реципиента Great dishonour would redound to us. ≈ Великое бесчестие обратится на нас. Having a Son born to him. ≈ У него родился сын. We had the railway-carriage all to ourselves. ≈ Нам был целиком предоставлен вагон. They acted under no authority known to the law. ≈ Они действовали по праву, которого не знает закон. б) обозначает носителя эмоции To these men Luther is a papist, and Caluin is the right prophet. ≈ Для этих людей Лютер папист, а Кальвин - истинный пророк. To me it is simply absurd. ≈ По мне, это просто абсурд. It means a great deal to him. ≈ Для него это много значит. в) указывает объект чувства That natural horror we have to evil. ≈ Наше естественное отвращение ко злу. Bacchus is a friend to Love. ≈ Вакх друг любви. That homage to which they had aspired. ≈ Уважение к себе, к которому они стремились. г) указывает на ссылку или источник I have already alluded to the fact. ≈ Я уже ссылался на это. Menander attests to it. ≈ Об этом свидетельствует Менандр. д) в управлении ряда глаголов, вводит непрямой объект We fought them and put them to the run. ≈ Мы сразились с ними и обратили их в бегство. This day's paper I devote to women. ≈ Сегодняшний доклад я посвящаяю женщинам. To admit Roman Catholics to municipal advantages. ≈ Предоставить католикам городские привилегии. е) фин. вводит статью расхода To Balance from 1899 195 pounds 11s. ≈ На покрытие баланса за 1899 год 195 фунтов 11 шиллингов 3 To J. Bevan and Co., for Bales, 2349 pounds. ≈ Дж.Бевиану и Ко, за Бейлс, 2349 фунтов. ж) вводит лиц, использующих какое-л. стандартное именование или выражение Terence James MacSwiney on the baptismal register, but Terry always to his friends. ≈ Теренс Джеймс Максвини значится в церковной книге, но для друзей он всегда был Терри. Lindy( Miss Hoffmann to the kids) had to give it back down to them. ≈ Линди (для детей мисс Хоффманн) пришлось отдать эту вещь им обратно.
    2. нареч.
    1) направление, прямо может не переводиться Three young owls with their feathers turned wrong end to. ≈ Три совенка с перьями, развернутыми не туда.
    2) а) контакт, сопркосновение I can't get the lid of the trunk quite to. ≈ Я не могу закрыть крышку сундука. б) готовность Th horses are to. ≈ Лошади готовы.
    3. частица
    1) приинфинитивная частица You have to help him. ≈ Тебе нужно помочь ему.
    2) своего рода местоглаголие, заменяет опущенный инфинитив I kept on, I had to. ≈ Но я прошел дальше, я был должен. I wanted to turn round and look. It was an effort not to. ≈ Я хотел оглянуться. Стоило громадных усилий не сделать этого. указывает на приведение в нужное состояние или положение, передается глагольными приставками при-, за- - to pull the shutters to закрыть ставни - push the door to захлопни дверь - the door blew to дверь захлопнулась - put the horses to запряги(те) лошадей указывает на начало действия: за - we turned to gladly /with a will/ мы с воодушевлением взялись за работу - they were hungry and fell to они были голодны и набросились на еду указывает на приведение в сознание или возвращение сознания - he came to он пришел в себя - to bring smb. to with smelling salts привести кого-л. в сознание нюхательной солью указывает на определенное направление - his hat is on the wrong side to у него неправильно надета шляпа - a ship moored head to корабль, пришвартованный против ветра - to and again( устаревшее) с одного места на другое;
    туда и сюда;
    взад и вперед;
    из стороны в сторону;
    в разные стороны;
    вверх и вниз - to and back с одного места на другое;
    туда и сюда;
    взад и вперед;
    из стороны в сторону;
    в разные стороны;
    вверх и вниз - close to рядом - we were close to when it happened мы были рядом, когда это случилось - keep her to! (морское) держи к ветру (команда) в пространственном значении указывает на направление: к, в, на - the road to London дорога в Лондон - the way to glory путь к славе - a flight to the Moon полет на Луну /в сторону Луны/ - head to the sea (морское) против волны - on one's way to the station по дороге к станции /на станцию/ - to go to town ехать /отправляться/ в город - to go to the sea ехать к морю, поехать на море - to go to Smith пойти к Смиту - where will she go to? куда она пойдет? - to turn to the left повернуть налево - to point to smth. указывать на что-л. - to see smb. to the station проводить кого-л. на вокзал - to hold up one's hands to heaven воздевать руки к небу - to put a pistol to his head приставить пистолет к его голове - I'm off to London я отправляюсь в Лондон - he wears his best clothes to church он ходит в церковь в парадном костюме в пространственном значении указывает на движение до соприкосновения с чем-л.: на, за, к - to fall to the ground упасть на землю - he swung his kit-bag to his back он закинул вещевой мешок за спину в пространственном значении указывает на расстояние: до - is it far to Moscow? далеко ли до Москвы? - it is five miles to the station до станции пять миль в пространственном значении указывает на положение по отношению к чему-л.: к, на;
    вместе с сущ. тж. передается наречиями - rooms to the back задние комнаты - with one's feet to the fire протянув ноги к огню - with one's back to the wall спиной к стене - to lie to the south of лежать /быть расположенным/ к югу от - the window looks to the north окно выходит на север - placed at the right angle to the wall поставленный под прямым углом к стене - perpendicular to the floor перпендикулярно к полу - a line tangent to a circle (математика) касательная к окружности в пространственном значении указывает на временное местопребывание( после глагола be в префекте): в - he has been to Volgograd twice this year в этом году он дважды был в Волгограде - have you been to bed? вы спали? в пространственном значении указывает на (американизм) (разговорное) (диалектизм) пребывание в каком-л. месте: в - he is to home он дома в пространственном значении указывает на посещение какого-л. учреждения: в - to go to school ходить в школу - to go to the theatre ходить /идти/ в театр указывает на лицо, реже предмет, к которому направлено действие: к, перед;
    часто передается тж. дат. падежом - greetings to smb. приветствие кому-л. - to listen to smb., smth. слушать кого-л., что-л. - to speak to smb. разговаривать с кем-л. - to send smth. to smb. послать что-л. кому-л. - to explain smth. to smb. объяснить что-л. кому-л. - to submit the material to the committee представить материалы в комитет - to reveal a secret to smb. открыть кому-л. секрет - to apologize to smb. извиниться перед кем-л. - to play to packed houses играть перед полным залом - he showed the picture to all his friends он показал картину всем своим друзьям - he spoke to the demonstration он обратился с речью к участникам демонстрации - whom did you give the letter to? кому вы отдали письмо? указывает на лицо или предмет, воспринимающие какое-л. воздействие или впечатление или являющиеся объектом какого-л. отношения: к, для;
    по отношению к;
    передается тж. дат. падежом - attitude to smb., smth. отношение к кому-л., чему-л. - his duty to his country его долг по отношению к родине, его патриотический долг - known to smb. известный кому-л. - clear to smb. ясный кому-л. /для кого-л./ - favourable to smb. благоприятный для кого-л. - unjust to smb. несправедливый к кому-л. - a symptom alarming to the doctor тревожный симптом для доктора - pleasing to smb. приятный кому-л. - to be cruel to smb. быть жестоким к кому-л. - it was a mystery to them для них это было загадкой - injurious to smb., smth. вредный для кого-л., чего-л. - it seems to me that мне кажется, что - smth. has happened to him с ним что-то случилось указывает на лицо, эмоционально или интеллектуально заинтересованное в чем-л.;
    обычно передается дат. падежом - what is that to you? тебе-то какое до этого дело?;
    ты-то тут причем?;
    почему это тебя интересует? - life is nothing to him он не дорожит жизнью указывает на лицо, в честь которого что-л. совершается или провозглашается: в честь, за;
    передается тж. дат. падежом - a toast to your success тост за ваш успех - here is to your health за ваше здоровье - a hymn to the sun гимн солнцу - to build a monument to smb. воздвигнуть памятник кому-л. /в честь кого-л./ указывает на объект высказывания и т. п.: в, о, на или придаточное предложение - to bear witness to smth. давать показания о чем-л. - to testify to smth. показывать, что;
    представлять доказательства о том, что - to swear to smth. поклясться в чем-л. - to speak to smth. высказываться в поддержку чего-л. - to confess to smth. признаваться в чем-л. - to allude to smth. сослаться или намекнуть на что-л. указывает на объект права, претензии и т. п. - to have a right to smth. иметь право на что-л. - to lay a claim to smth. заявить претензию на что-л. - the pretender to the throne претендент на трон - a document of title to land документ, дающий право на владение землей указывает на (сознательную) реакцию на что-л.: на;
    передается тж. дат. падежом - (dis) obediance to smb.'s orders (не) подчинение чьему-л. приказу - in answer /in reply/ to smth. в ответ на что-л. - to reply to smb. отвечать кому-л. - to come to smb.'s call явиться по чьему-л. зову /на чей-л. зов/ - what do you say to that? что вы скажете по этому поводу? - what did he say to my suggestion? как он отнесся к моему предложению? - what do you say to a short walk? как насчет того, чтобы прогуляться? указывает на эмоциональную реакцию на что-л. или оценку чего-л.: к - to his surprise к его удивлению - to his credit к его чести - to her horror, the beast approached к ее ужасу, зверь приближался указывает на реакцию неодушевленных предметов на что-л. - waves sparkling to the moonbeams волны, сверкающие в лунном свете - flimsy houses that shake to the wind легкие домики, которые дрожат от ветра указывает на предел или степень: до - to the end, to the last до конца - to a man до последнего человека - to a certain extent до некоторой степени - to a high degree в высокой /в большой/ степени - to the exclusion of all others и никто больше, и никто другой - tired to death смертельно усталый - wet to the skin промокший до костей - stripped to the waist раздетый до пояса - shaken to the foundations поколебленный до основания - rotten to the core насквозь гнилой, прогнивший до сердцевины - to fight to the last drop of one's blood биться до последней капли крови - to defend one's country to the death стоять насмерть, защищая родину - to count up to ten считать до десяти - to cut smth. down to a minimum довести что-л. до минимума - the hall was filled to capacity зал был заполнен до отказа - the membership of the club increased to 350 количество челнов клуба достигло 350 - the room was hot to suffocation от жары в комнате нечем было дышать указывает на временной предел: до - to the end of June до конца июня - to the end of one's life до конца своей жизни - the custom survives to this day этот обычай сохранился до наших дней /существует и поныне/ - I shall remember it to my dying day я буду помнить это до (своего) смертного часа указывает на степень точности: до - to an inch с точностью до дюйма - a year to the day ровно год (день в день) - to guess the weight of smth. to within a kilo угадать вес чего-л. почти до килограмма - the train arrived to a minute поезд прибыл минута в минуту указывает на пределы колебаний: до - the weather over the period was moderate to cool погода в этот период колебалась от умеренной до прохладной указывает на изменение положения или достижение нового состояния и т. п.: в, до, на;
    передается тж. глаголом - to go to sleep заснуть - to go to ruin разрушиться - to run to seed прорасти - to put smb. to flight обратить кого-л. в бегство - to tear smth. to pieces /to bits/ разорвать что-л. на куски - to burn to ashes сгореть дотла - to beat smb. to death избить кого-л. до смерти - to convert a warehouse to a dance-hall превратить склад в зал для танцев - it moved him to tears это растрогало его до слез - he grew to manhood он стал взрослым человеком указывает на меру наказания: к - to sentence smb. to prison приговорить кого-л. к тюремному заключению - to sentence smb. to death приговорить кого-л. к смерти /к смертной казни/ указывает на переход к другой теме разговора, к другому занятию и т. п.: к - now to the matter at hand теперь займемся нашим вопросом - he turned to the page he had marked он вернулся к странице, которую отметил - the conversation turned to painting разговор перешел на живопись указывает на начало действия: за - to fall /to set, to turn/ to smth. приниматься за что-л. - he turned to eating он принялся за еду указывает на цель: на, к, для, с целью - to this end с этой целью - to the end that с (той) целью чтобы;
    для того чтобы - to no purpose напрасно, безрезультатно - a means to an end средство, ведущее к цели - with a view to your wellbeing заботясь о вашем благополучии - they came to our aid они пришли к нам на помощь - to come to dinner прийти к обеду /пообедать/ указывает на результат: к - to come to a conclusion прийти к выводу указывает на тенденцию, склонность, намерение: к - a tendency to smth. тенденция к чему-л. - to be given to smth. быть склонным к чему-л. указывает на предназначение: для, под - to be born to a bitter fate быть рожденным для горькой доли - to be born to a fortune родиться наследником несметных богатств - a horse bred to the plow лошадь, приученная к плугу /приученная пахать/ - a field planted to rice поле, отведенное /пущенное/ под рис;
    поле, засеянное рисом указывает на возможность воздействия, незащищенность против воздействия чего-л.;
    передается дат. падежом - open to criticism дающий пищу для критики - open to persuasion поддающийся убеждению - exposed to the sunlight подвергающийся действию солнца, незащищенный от солнца употребляется при выражении сравнения или сопоставления: в сравнении с, по сравнению с;
    передается тж. дат. падежом - compared to... по сравнению с... - equal to smth. равный чему-л. - superior to smth. лучше, чем что-л.;
    превосходящий что-л. - inferior to smth. хуже, чем что-л. - similar to smth. подобный чему-л.;
    похожий на что-л. - to prefer coffee to tea предпочитать кофе чаю - he prefers listening to talking он больше любит слушать, чем говорить - this is nothing to what it might be это пустяки по сравнению с тем, что могло (бы) быть употребляется при выражении соотношения или пропорции: к, на - one to four один к четырем - ten votes to twenty десять голосов против двадцати - three goals to nil три - ноль( в футболе и т. п.) - the score was 7 to 9 счет был семь на девять - three parts flour to one part butter три части муки на одну часть масла (кулинарный рецепт) - three houses to the square mile три дома на квадратную милю - four apples to a pound четыре яблока на фунт, по фунту за четыре яблока - the chances are ten to one один шанс против десяти - 2 is to 4 as 4 is to 8 2 относится к 4 как 4 к 8 - it's hundred to one (that) it won't happen вероятность того, что это не случится /не произойдет/, не больше одной сотой употребляется при выражении соответствия чему-л.: по, на;
    передается тж. дат. падежом - to my knowledge насколько я знаю;
    насколько мне известно - to the best of me remembrance насколько я помню - to my mind /thinking/ по-моему - (not) to one's liking /taste/ (не) по вкусу кому-л. - made to order сделанный на заказ - words set to music слова, положенные на музыку - an opera to his own libretto опера по его собственному либретто - the novel is true to life роман правильно отражает жизнь - what tune is it sung to? на какой мотив это поется? - keep to the rules придерживайтесь правил употребляется при выражении (музыкального) сопровождения: под - to dance to the piano танцевать под рояль - to write to smb.'s dictation писать под чью-л. диктовку указывает на составную часть чего-л. или принадлежность к чему-л.: к, от, для;
    передается тж. род. падежом - foreword to the book предисловие к книге - a key to a desk ключ от письменного стола - a frame to a picture рама для картины указывает на фазу процесса, аспект явления - there is no end to it этому нет конца - there is no exception to this rule из этого правила нет исключений указывает на контакт, близость( в адвербиальных оборотах с повторением существительного): к - face to face лицом к лицу - hand to hand бок о бок, рядом - shoulder to shoulder плечо к плечу - they stood man to man они стояли тесно /один к одному/ указывает на близость, тесное соприкосновение, а также прикрепление: к - with her hands to her eyes закрыв глаза руками - to be close to smb., smth. быть близко к кому-л., чему-л. - to tie smth. to smth. привязать что-л. к чему-л. - to fix smth. to smth. прикрепить что-л. к чему-л. - to clasp smb. to one's heart прижать кого-л. к сердцу - to fasten smth. to the wall прикрепить что-л. к стене - he held on to the rail with one hand одной рукой он держался за перила - the houses all had numbers to them на всех домах были написаны номера - he walked without shoes to his feet он шел босиком указывает на добавление, прибавление или сложение: к, с - put it to what you already have прибавьте /добавьте/ это к тому, что у вас уже есть - add five to the sum прибавьте к этой сумме пять - will you have sugar to your tea? вы будете пить чай с сахаром? указывает на родственные, служебные и др. отношения;
    передается род. падежом - heir to an estate наследник имущества - ambassador to the King of Sweden посол при дворе шведского короля - interpreter to UNO переводчик ООН - secretary to the manager секретарь управляющего - apprentice to a tailor ученик портного - to be engaged to smb. быть помолвленным с кем-л. - she is mother to the child она мать этого ребенка - he has been a good father to them он был им хорошим отцом - Charles is brother to John Чарльз - брат Джона указывает на содержание или степень содержательности чего-л.: в - a book without much to it не слишком интересная книга;
    книга так себе - there isn't much to it в этом нет ничего особенного /мудреного/;
    это немногого стоит - there's nothing to it это проще простого, это проще пареной репы;
    в этом нет никакой премудрости;
    это яйца выеденного не стоит - that's all there is to it вот и все;
    вот и вся недолга;
    это очень просто - is there nothing more to civilization than a moral code? неужто( вся) цивилизация сводится к морали? указывает на время по часам: без - ten (minutes) to (two) без десяти (два) - (a) quarter to five без четверти пять указывает на отнесение к какому-л. времени в прошлом: к - a ceremony dating to the first century обряд, относящийся к первому веку указывает на (диалектизм) точное время: в - they were ready to three o'clock они были готовы к трем часам (бухгалтерское) указывает на отнесение суммы в дебет счета - to goods $100 100 долларов на товары /отнесение стоимости товаров в 100 долларов/ в дебет счета (устаревшее) указывает на использование в каком-л. качестве: как, в - he took her to wife он взял ее в жены - to call smb. to witness ссылаться на кого-л., призывать кого-л. в свидетели > from beginning to end от начала до конца > from east to west с востока на запад > from nine o'clock to twelve с девяти до двенадцати часов > from day to day изо дня в день > from dawn to dusk с восхода до заката, от зари до зари > count from one to ten считай(те) от одного до десяти > to go from bad to worse все (время) ухудшаться, становиться все хуже и хуже > to all appearances по всей видимости > to the contrary наоборот > to a T полностью, совершенно > that suits me to a T это меня полностью устраивает > to oneself в свое распоряжение, в своем распоряжении > I had a room to myself у меня была отдельная комната > he kept it to himself он ни с кем этим не делился (тж. перен.) > to tell smth. to smb.'s face сказать что-л. кому-л. (прямо) в лицо > to jump to one's feet вскочить на ноги > to be used to smth. привыкнуть к чему-л. > he was used to good food он привык хорошо питаться > he was used to getting up early он привык рано вставать > to horse! по коням! (команда) > to arms! к оружию! (команда) > would to God /to Heaven/! о господи! употребляется при инфинитиве - to go away would be to admit defeat уйти означало бы признать себя побежденным - he refused to come он отказался прийти - I asked him to come я просил его прийти - he was seen to enter the house видели, что он вошел в дом - she would like it to be true она бы хотела, чтобы это оказалось правдой - I'm ready to do it я готов сделать это - you're foolish to believe it глупо, что ты веришь этому - he was the first to come он пришел первым - they had no time to lose им нельзя было терять времени - I have a letter to write мне надо написать письмо - there's a lot to do дел (еще) очень много - there was not a sound to be heard не было слышно ни звука - he is not to be trusted ему нельзя доверять - that's good to eat вкусная штука /вещь/ - the room is pleasant to look at на комнату приятно посмотреть - write down the address not to forget it запишите адрес, чтобы не забыть его - we parted never to meet again мы расстались, чтобы никогда больше не встречаться - to hear him talk you would imagine that he's somebody послушать его - так можно подумать, что он важная персона - to tell the truth по правде говоря - this house is to let этот дом сдается (внаем) употребляется после ряда глаголов, чтобы избежать повторения инфинитива - tell him if you want to скажите ему, если хотите - take the money, it would be absurd not to возьмите деньги;
    было бы нелепо отказываться от них assistant ~ the professor ассистент профессора become a party ~ принимать участие to begin( on ( или upon) smth.) брать начало( от чего-л.) ;
    to begin over начинать сызнова;
    well begun is half done посл. = хорошее начало полдела откачало to ~ at the beginning начинать с самого начала;
    to begin at the wrong end начинать не с того конца end: to begin at the wrong ~ начать не с того конца to begin (on (или upon) smth.) брать начало (от чего-л.) ;
    to begin over начинать сызнова;
    well begun is half done посл. = хорошее начало полдела откачало belong absolutely ~ принадлежать полностью ~ bring ~ poverty довести до бедности;
    to fall to decay( или ruin) разрушиться, прийти в упадок to cheat( on smb.) вести себя нечестно( по отношению к кому-л.: другу, партнеру, мужу и т. п.) ~ избежать( чего-л.) ;
    to cheat the gallows избежать виселицы ~ занимать( чем-л.) ;
    to cheat time коротать время;
    to cheat the journey коротать время в пути ~ занимать (чем-л.) ;
    to cheat time коротать время;
    to cheat the journey коротать время в пути ~ prep указывает на предел движения, расстояния, времени, количества на, до: to climb to the top взобраться на вершину counter ~ противоречащий, противоположный( чему-л.) ~ prep под (аккомпанемент) ;
    в (сопровождении) ;
    to dance to music танцевать под музыку;
    he sang to his guitar он пел под гитару ~ prep указывает на: связь между действием и ответным действием к, на;
    to this he answered на это он ответил;
    deaf to all entreaties глух ко всем просьбам ~ bring ~ poverty довести до бедности;
    to fall to decay (или ruin) разрушиться, прийти в упадок ~ prep указывает на принадлежность (к чему-л.) или на прикрепление (к чему-л.) к;
    to fasten to the wall прикрепить к стене;
    key to the door ключ от двери give consideration ~ обсуждать give consideration ~ рассматривать ~ мошенничать;
    обманывать;
    he cheated me (out) of five dollars он надул меня на пять долларов he could be anywhere from 40 ~ 60 ему можно дать и 40 и 60 лет ~ prep передается род. падежом и указывает на отношения: родственные: he has been a good father to them он был им хорошим отцом ~ prep под (аккомпанемент) ;
    в (сопровождении) ;
    to dance to music танцевать под музыку;
    he sang to his guitar он пел под гитару I am going ~ the University я иду в университет;
    the windows look to the south окна выходят на юг I can't get the lid of the trunk quite ~ я не могу закрыть крышку сундука ~ prep указывает на сравнение, числовое соотношение или пропорцию перед, к;
    3 is to 4 as 6 is to 8 три относится к четырем, как шесть к восьми it was nothing ~ what I had expected это пустяки в сравнении с тем, что я ожидал ~ prep указывает на принадлежность (к чему-л.) или на прикрепление (к чему-л.) к;
    to fasten to the wall прикрепить к стене;
    key to the door ключ от двери ~ prep указывает на лицо, по отношению к которому или в интересах которого совершается действие;
    передается дат. падежом: a letter to a friend письмо другу ~ prep указывает на эмоциональное восприятие к;
    to my disappointment к моему разочарованию;
    to my surprise к моему удивлению ~ prep указывает на эмоциональное восприятие к;
    to my disappointment к моему разочарованию;
    to my surprise к моему удивлению object ~ возражать, протестовать( против чего-л.) ~ prep указывает на соответствие по, в;
    to one's liking по вкусу a party was thrown ~ the children детям устроили праздник ten ~ one he will find it out девять из десяти за то, что он это узнает;
    the score was 1 to 3 спорт. счет был 1: 3 ~ prep передается род. падежом и указывает на отношения: подчинения по службе: secretary to the director секретарь директора ~ (began;
    begun) начинать(ся) ;
    she began weeping( или to weep) она заплакала ten ~ one he will find it out девять из десяти за то, что он это узнает;
    the score was 1 to 3 спорт. счет был 1: 3 ~ the minute минута в минуту;
    с точностью до минуты there is an outpatient department attached ~ our hospital при нашей больнице есть поликлинника ~ prep указывает на: связь между действием и ответным действием к, на;
    to this he answered на это он ответил;
    deaf to all entreaties глух ко всем просьбам to ~ (on (или upon) smth.) браться( за что-л.) ~ (began;
    begun) начинать(ся) ;
    she began weeping (или to weep) она заплакала ~ начинать ~ начинаться ~ основывать ~ приступать ~ создавать to ~ at the beginning начинать с самого начала;
    to begin at the wrong end начинать не с того конца to ~ with прежде всего, во-первых ~ жулик ~ жульничество ~ занимать (чем-л.) ;
    to cheat time коротать время;
    to cheat the journey коротать время в пути ~ избежать (чего-л.) ;
    to cheat the gallows избежать виселицы ~ мошенник ~ мошенничать;
    обманывать;
    he cheated me (out) of five dollars он надул меня на пять долларов ~ мошенничать ~ мошенничество;
    обман ~ мошенничество ~ обман ~ обманщик, плут;
    topping cheat виселица ~ обманщик ~ обманывать ~ плут ~ самозванец ~ шулер to: (from Saturday) to Monday( с субботы) до понедельника ~ prep указывает на высшую степень (точности, аккуратности, качества и т. п.) до, в;
    to the best advantage наилучшим образом;
    в самом выгодном свете ~ prep указывает на цель действия на, для;
    to the rescue на помощь;
    to that end с этой целью ~ обманщик, плут;
    topping cheat виселица ~ prep указывает на направление к, в, на;
    the way to Moscow дорога в Москву;
    turn to the right поверните направо turn: ~ поворачивать(ся) ;
    обращаться;
    повертывать(ся) ;
    to turn to the right повернуть направо;
    to turn on one's heel(s) круто повернуться( и уйти) ~ prep указывает на направление к, в, на;
    the way to Moscow дорога в Москву;
    turn to the right поверните направо ~ prep указывает на лицо, в честь которого совершается действие: we drink to his health мы пьем за его здоровье to begin (on (или upon) smth.) брать начало (от чего-л.) ;
    to begin over начинать сызнова;
    well begun is half done посл. = хорошее начало полдела откачало I am going ~ the University я иду в университет;
    the windows look to the south окна выходят на юг

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > to

  • 11 acudir

    v.
    1 to go.
    acudir a una cita/un mitin to turn up for an appointment/at a rally
    nadie acudió a mi llamada de auxilio no-one answered my cry for help
    2 to attend, to come, to turn out, to go.
    Nadie acudió Nobody turned out.
    * * *
    1 (ir) to go; (venir) to come, arrive
    2 (presentarse) to come back
    3 (ir a socorrer) to help, come forward
    4 (recurrir) to call on, turn to
    * * *
    verb
    to go, come
    * * *
    VI
    1) [indicando movimiento] (=ir) to go; (=venir) to come

    señor Martínez, acuda a información por favor — Mr Martínez, please go to the information desk

    acudieron en su ayudathey went to his aid

    no acudió a la cita — he did not keep the appointment, he did not turn up (for the appointment)

    acudir a una llamadato answer a call

    acudir al médicoto consult a doctor

    acudir a la menteto come to (one's) mind

    acudir a las urnasto go to the polls

    2) (=participar) to take part
    3) (=recurrir)

    acudir ato turn to

    acudo a ustedes para quejarme sobre... — I am writing to complain about...

    4) (Agr) to produce, yield
    * * *
    verbo intransitivo
    1) (frml) ( a lugar)

    acudió a la hora previstashe came o arrived at the arranged time

    acudir a algo< cita> to turn up for something; < reunión> to attend something

    los recuerdos acuden a mi mente — (liter) memories come flooding back to me

    señorita Fernández, acuda al teléfono — telephone call for Miss Fernández

    2) ( recurrir)
    * * *
    = call on/upon, patronise [patronize, -USA], patronage.
    Ex. It can only be a matter of time before we have in effect a complete set of MARC records to call on for details of any item we require.
    Ex. In the light of the continuing authoritarianism demonstrated by most librarians towards their patrons, it is small wonder that so few people patronized America's public libraries.
    Ex. 'Exit' is a vow, or intention, to never again patronage the offending library.
    ----
    * acudir a = enlist + the cooperation of.
    * acudir al rescate = come to + Posesivo + rescue.
    * acudir en masa = flock, flock in, be out in force, come out in + force.
    * no acudir = stay away.
    * reunión a la que los padres acuden con sus bebés = lapsit.
    * * *
    verbo intransitivo
    1) (frml) ( a lugar)

    acudió a la hora previstashe came o arrived at the arranged time

    acudir a algo< cita> to turn up for something; < reunión> to attend something

    los recuerdos acuden a mi mente — (liter) memories come flooding back to me

    señorita Fernández, acuda al teléfono — telephone call for Miss Fernández

    2) ( recurrir)
    * * *
    = call on/upon, patronise [patronize, -USA], patronage.

    Ex: It can only be a matter of time before we have in effect a complete set of MARC records to call on for details of any item we require.

    Ex: In the light of the continuing authoritarianism demonstrated by most librarians towards their patrons, it is small wonder that so few people patronized America's public libraries.
    Ex: 'Exit' is a vow, or intention, to never again patronage the offending library.
    * acudir a = enlist + the cooperation of.
    * acudir al rescate = come to + Posesivo + rescue.
    * acudir en masa = flock, flock in, be out in force, come out in + force.
    * no acudir = stay away.
    * reunión a la que los padres acuden con sus bebés = lapsit.

    * * *
    acudir [I1 ]
    vi
    A ( frml)
    (a un lugar): nadie acudió en su ayuda nobody came to his aid
    no acudió a la hora prevista she did not come o arrive at the arranged time
    deberá acudir en ayunas you should not eat anything before attending
    miles de personas acudieron para apoyarlo thousands of people turned out o came to support him
    acudir A algo:
    no acudió a la cita he failed to keep the appointment o ( BrE) to turn up for the appointment
    no acudió a la reunión she did not attend the meeting
    millones de personas acudirán hoy a las urnas millions of people will go to the polls today
    la policía acudió al lugar de los hechos the police went to the scene (of events)
    los recuerdos acuden a mi mente ( liter); memories come flooding back to me
    señorita Fernández, acuda al teléfono Miss Fernández, telephone call o telephone call for Miss Fernández
    B (recurrir) acudir A algn:
    acudió a su padre para que lo ayudara he turned o went to his father for help
    antes que acudir a las armas rather than resort to the use of arms
    acudieron a un árbitro para intentar resolverlo they went to arbitration to try to resolve it
    * * *

     

    acudir ( conjugate acudir) verbo intransitivo
    1 (frml) (ir) to go;
    ( venir) to come;
    nadie acudió en su ayuda nobody went/came to his aid;

    acudir a algo ‹ a cita› to arrive for sth;

    a reunión to attend sth;

    2 ( recurrir) acudir a algn to turn to sb;

    acudir verbo intransitivo
    1 (ir a una cita, a un lugar) to go
    (venir a una cita, a un lugar) to come, arrive
    2 (prestar ayuda) to give aid, help: siempre está dispuesto a acudir en auxilio de cualquiera, he's always prepared to help anybody
    3 (buscar ayuda o información) to turn to: no tengo a quién acudir, I have no one to turn to
    ' acudir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aparecer
    - concejo
    - faltar
    - ir
    - acto
    - masa
    - tribunal
    English:
    aid
    - appointment
    - break
    - come
    - court
    - directly
    - disappoint
    - flock
    - keep
    - poll
    - roll up
    - turn out
    - turn up
    - walk up
    * * *
    acudir vi
    1. [ir] to go;
    [venir] to come;
    acudir a una cita/un mitin to turn up for an appointment/at a rally;
    acudir en ayuda de alguien to come to sb's aid o assistance;
    nadie acudió a mi llamada de auxilio no one answered my cry for help;
    Sr. Pérez, acuda a recepción could Mr Perez please come to reception?;
    no es obligatorio acudir a todas las clases it isn't compulsory to attend all the classes;
    acudir a la mente to come to mind;
    acudir a las urnas to go to the polls
    2. [frecuentar]
    a este restaurante acuden muchos personajes famosos this restaurant is patronized by many celebrities
    3. [recurrir]
    acudir a alguien to turn to sb;
    si necesitas ayuda, puedes acudir a mí if you need help you can ask me o come to me;
    amenazaron con acudir a la violencia they threatened to resort to violence;
    piensan acudir a la justicia they intend to go to court
    * * *
    v/i come;
    acudir a alguien turn to s.o.;
    acudir al médico go to the doctor;
    acudir a las urnas go to the polls;
    acudir al trabajo go to work
    * * *
    acudir vi
    1) : to go, to come (someplace for a specific purpose)
    acudió a la puerta: he went to the door
    acudimos en su ayuda: we came to her aid
    2) : to be present, to show up
    acudí a la cita: I showed up for the appointment
    3)
    acudir a : to turn to, to have recourse to
    hay que acudir al médico: you must consult the doctor
    * * *
    acudir vb
    1. (ir) to go
    2. (recurrir a) to turn to

    Spanish-English dictionary > acudir

  • 12 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

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    [tuː] ( полная форма); [tu] (редуцированная форма, употр. перед гласными); [tə] (редуцированная форма, употр. перед согласными) 1. предл.
    а) к, в (выражает движение к какой-л. точке и достижение её, управляет словом, обозначающим эту точку; также с наречиями)

    the first train to London — первый поезд в Лондон, на Лондон

    Forester was sent to Edinburgh. — Форестера послали в Эдинбург.

    He has removed to near Rugby. — Он переехал поближе к Рагби.

    Come here to me. — Подойди сюда ко мне.

    б) к, на, по направлению к, в направлении к

    He was standing with his back to me. — Он стоял спиной ко мне.

    He pointed to a clump of trees. — Он указал на рощицу.

    The bedrooms to the back are much larger. — Спальни на задней стороне дома гораздо больше.

    в) до (выражает предел движения, протяжения в пространстве)

    The thermometer has risen to above 32. — Температура перевалила за плюс 32.

    It is eleven miles from Oxford to Witney. — От Оксфорда до Уитни одиннадцать миль.

    г) в, на (выражает нахождение где-л.)
    д) к, у (выражает соположение, соприкосновение)

    He stood up to the wall. — Он стоял, прислонившись к стене.

    They will find everything ready to their hands. — У них всё будет под рукой.

    2) к, до (выражает временны́е отношения; временной предел, окончание срока)

    The parliament was prorogued to the tenth of February. — Перерыв в работе парламента должен был продлиться до десятого февраля.

    The business hours were from ten to six. — Рабочий день был с десяти до шести.

    How long is it to dinner, sir? — Сколько осталось до обеда, сэр?

    It was exactly a quarter to four o'clock. — Было ровно без четверти четыре.

    Ainsworth came to this time. — К этому времени подошёл Эйнсворт.

    3) выражает отношения достижения цели, результата, эффекта

    The captain came to our rescue. — Капитан пришёл к нам на помощь.

    Those were the indispensable means to our end. — Это были необходимые средства для достижения нашей цели.

    They laid down a few acres to oats. — Они отвели несколько акров под овёс.

    The land sown to barley increases. — Площади, засеваемые хмелем, расширяются.

    б) выражает конечный пункт движения, ожидаемый исход, результат

    He had made up his mind to the event. — Он настроился на это дело.

    But now, to his despair, he felt that his patient herself was fighting against his skill. — Теперь, к своему отчаянию, он понял, что сама пациентка борется против него.

    The glasses are all to bits. — Стёкла все вдребезги разбиты.

    в) по отношению к, в отношении к

    This lease is a document of title to land. — Этот документ об аренде есть документ о праве собственности на эту землю.

    4) со словами, выражающими объём, степень, размер

    He was generally punctual to a minute. — Он был обычно пунктуален до минуты.

    They were hostile to the man. — Они были враждебно настроены по отношению к этому человеку.

    She was in love with him to distraction. — Она была влюблена в него до самозабвения.

    The schoolroom was hot to suffocation. — В классе стояла удушливая жара.

    5)
    а) под, к, вместе с; у, в добавление к, в приложение к

    It is impossible any longer to find a pound of butter or cream to our tea in all the country. — Теперь во всей стране невозможно найти ни масла, ни сливок к чаю.

    I am growing old, and want more mustard to my meat. — Я старею, мне требуется больше горчицы к мясу.

    One little boy complained that there was no rim to his plate. — Один маленький мальчик пожаловался, что у его тарелки были отбиты края.

    He had no clothing to his back, no shoes to his feet. — Ему нечем было спину прикрыть, не во что было обуться.

    б) вместе с, на (мелодию)

    There is an old song, to the tune of La Belle Catharine. — Есть старая песенка, на мелодию "Прекрасной Катарины".

    в) к

    My lips might freeze to my teeth. — У меня губы чуть не примёрзли к зубам.

    To that opinion I shall always adhere. — С этим мнением я всегда буду согласен.

    г) для

    The Hall now forms the vestibule to the Houses of Parliament. — Этот зал теперь служит вестибюлем перед залами заседаний парламента.

    д) у, в (указывает на свойство, характеристику)

    Tell me what there is to this shindy. — Ну-ка расскажи, о чём здесь веселье.

    There's a lot to him that doesn't show up on the surface. — В нём есть много такого, что не видно на поверхности.

    6)
    а) для, при, по сравнению с, на фоне

    In comparison to other recent video games, this one isn't very exciting. — По сравнению с другими видеоиграми, появившимися в последнее время, эта не очень интересная.

    Their enemies were four to one. — Враг превосходил их по численности в четыре раза.

    Odds are ten to three. — Ставки десять к трём.

    в) по, для, в соответствии с

    He dresses to the fashion. — Он одевается по моде.

    He is not a man to our taste. — Он - человек не в нашем вкусе.

    Men were noodles to her. — Для неё все мужчины были слабаки.

    г) к, в отношении, по поводу, в связи с
    д) с, к, по отношению к

    He was unable to see how they lie to each other. — Он не мог осознать, насколько они лгут друг другу.

    а) переход к какой-л. деятельности

    Let's go to the next chapter. — Давайте перейдём к следующей главе.

    Come, lads, all hands to work! — Так, ребята, за работу!

    б) причинение кому-л. / чему-л. чего-л.

    I presented the gun to him without any other idea but that of intimidation. — Я наставил на него пистолет, только чтобы попугать его.

    в) обращение к кому-л.

    In the morning I spoke to him again and confirmed my decision. — Утром я снова говорил с ним и подтвердил своё решение.

    Come, speak to him! — Ну же, поговори с ним!

    г) реакцию на что-л.

    It is fantastic to see younger audiences dancing to a music well over forty years old and keeping it alive. — Замечательно видеть, как молодёжь танцует под музыку, написанную больше сорока лет назад, и тем самым сохраняет ей жизнь.

    8)

    Great dishonour would redound to us. — Великое бесчестие падёт на нас.

    We had the railway carriage all to ourselves. — В нашем распоряжении был целый вагон.

    They acted under no authority known to the law. — Их действия не были основаны на каких-либо правах, известных закону.

    To me it is simply absurd. — По мне, это просто абсурд.

    It means a great deal to him. — Для него это много значит.

    It now becomes not only just a memory, but a treasure to my soul. — Теперь это уже не просто воспоминание, а сокровище для души.

    I have already alluded to the fact. — Я уже ссылался на это.

    Menander attests to it. — Об этом свидетельствует Менандр.

    д) в управлении ряда глаголов, вводит непрямой объект

    We fought them and put them to the run. — Мы сразились с ними и обратили их в бегство.

    This day's paper I devote to women. — Сегодняшний доклад я посвящаю женщинам.

    е) фин. вводит статью расхода

    To Balance from 1899 195 pounds 11 s. — На покрытие баланса за 1899 год 195 фунтов 11 шиллингов.

    To J. Bevian and Co., for Bales, 2349 pounds. — Дж.Бевиану и Ко, за Бейлс, 2349 фунтов.

    ж) вводит имена людей, имеющих какое-л. особое прозвище или стандартное именование

    Terence James MacSwiney on the baptismal register, but Terry always to his friends. — В церковной книге он значился как Теренс Джеймс Максвини, но для друзей он всегда был Терри.

    Lindy (Miss Hoffmann to the kids) had to give it back down to them. — Линди (для детей мисс Хоффманн) пришлось отдать эту вещь им обратно.

    2. нареч.
    1)
    а) направление, прямо может не переводиться

    Three young owls with their feathers turned wrong end to. — Три совёнка с перьями, развёрнутыми не туда.

    б) мор. строго по ветру, следуя направлению ветра
    2)
    а) физический контакт, соприкосновение

    The door snapped to. — Дверь захлопнулась.

    I can't get the lid of the trunk quite to. — Я не могу закрыть крышку сундука.

    б) приведение в какое-л. состояние

    The horses are to. — Лошади готовы.

    The soldiers have been stood to. — Солдаты были приведены в боевую готовность.

    3) близко, возле, около, рядом

    I wanted to see them close to. — Я хотел рассмотреть их поближе.

    Syn:
    by 2.
    3. частица

    You have to help him. — Тебе нужно помочь ему.

    2) своего рода местоглаголие, заменяет опущенный инфинитив

    I kept on, I had to. — Но я прошёл дальше, я был должен.

    I wanted to turn round and look. It was an effort not to. — Мне хотелось оглянуться. Стоило громадных усилий не сделать этого.

    Gram:
    [ref dict="LingvoGrammar (En-Ru)"]To-infinitive[/ref]
    [ref dict="LingvoGrammar (En-Ru)"]To-infinitive after adjective or noun[/ref]

    Англо-русский современный словарь > to

  • 14 fly

    fly [flaɪ]
    mouche1 (a) braguette1 (b) voler2 (a), 2 (c) prendre l'avion2 (a) filer2 (b) piloter3 (a)
    (pl flies, pt flew [flu:], pp flown [fləʊn])
    1 noun
    (a) Entomology & Fishing mouche f;
    familiar they're dropping like flies (dying, fainting) ils tombent comme des mouches;
    familiar this illness is killing them off like flies cette maladie les fait tomber comme des mouches;
    familiar the recession is killing companies off like flies la récession fait une véritable hécatombe parmi les entreprises;
    figurative the fly in the ointment (person) l'empêcheur(euse) m,f de tourner en rond; (problem) l'os m;
    figurative there's a fly in the ointment il y a un os;
    familiar there are no flies on him il n'est pas fou;
    figurative he wouldn't hurt a fly il ne ferait pas de mal à une mouche;
    British familiar I wouldn't mind being a fly on the wall j'aimerais bien être une petite souris;
    familiar to be catching flies (yawn, have mouth open) gober les mouches;
    American familiar to live on the fly vivre à cent à l'heure
    (b) (often pl) (on trousers) braguette f;
    your flies are or fly is undone or open ta braguette est ouverte
    (c) (entrance to tent) rabat m; (flysheet) auvent m
    to go for a fly faire un tour en avion
    to do sth on the fly (craftily, secretively) faire qch en douce
    (a) (bird, insect, plane, pilot) voler; (passenger) prendre l'avion; (arrow, bullet, missile) voler, filer;
    the first plane to fly faster than the speed of sound le premier avion à dépasser la vitesse du son;
    it flies well (plane) il se pilote bien;
    I'm flying to Berlin tomorrow (passenger) je prends l'avion pour Berlin demain; (pilot) je vole à Berlin demain;
    he flies to Paris about twice a month (passenger) il va à Paris en avion environ deux fois par mois;
    we fly to Berlin four days a week (airline) nous avons des vols pour Berlin quatre jours par semaine;
    we fly to over a dozen destinations (airline) nous desservons plus d'une douzaine de destinations;
    soon we'll be flying over Manchester nous allons bientôt survoler Manchester;
    to fly across the Channel traverser la Manche en avion;
    to fly via London faire escale à Londres;
    those who have flown British in or American with Concorde ceux qui ont voyagé en Concorde, ceux qui ont pris le Concorde;
    he flies for an American airline il est pilote dans une compagnie aérienne américaine;
    which airline did you fly with? avec quelle compagnie aérienne as-tu voyagé?;
    they don't fly from Heathrow any more ils n'ont plus de vols au départ de Heathrow;
    the trapeze artist flew through the air le trapéziste a voltigé;
    figurative the bird had already flown l'oiseau s'était envolé
    (b) (move quickly → person) filer; (→ time) passer à toute vitesse; (flee) s'enfuir; (shoot into air → sparks, dust, cork, shavings) voler;
    familiar I really must fly! il faut vraiment que je file ou que je me sauve!;
    she flew out of the room elle est sortie de la pièce comme un bolide;
    he came flying round the corner il a débouché du coin comme un bolide;
    he flew to her rescue il a volé à son secours;
    the time seems to have flown! le temps est passé à une vitesse!;
    the past two years have just flown les deux dernières années ont passé à toute vitesse ou se sont envolées;
    time flies!, doesn't time fly! comme le temps passe!;
    the door flew open and there stood… la porte s'est ouverte brusquement sur…;
    to fly into a rage or temper s'emporter, sortir de ses gonds;
    to knock or to send sb flying envoyer qn rouler à terre;
    to knock or to send sth flying envoyer qch voler;
    his hat went flying across the room son chapeau a volé ou voltigé à travers la pièce;
    the insults were really flying les insultes fusaient de toutes parts
    (c) (kite) voler; (flag) être déployé; (in wind → flag, coat) flotter; (→ hair) voler
    to let fly (physically) envoyer ou décocher un coup; (verbally) s'emporter;
    he let fly with a powerful left hook il a décoché ou envoyé un puissant crochet du gauche;
    she then let fly with a string of accusations elle a alors lancé un flot d'accusations;
    to (let) fly at sb (physically) sauter ou se jeter sur qn; (verbally) s'en prendre violemment à qn;
    to fly in the face of sth (reason, evidence, logic) défier qch;
    this flies in the face of our agreement cela contrecarre notre accord
    (a) (plane, helicopter → of pilot) piloter;
    to fly Concorde (pilot) piloter le Concorde; (passenger) prendre le Concorde, voyager en Concorde
    (b) (passengers, people, goods) transporter en avion; (route → of pilot, passenger) emprunter; (airline) voyager avec; (distance → of passenger, pilot, plane) parcourir; (combat mission) effectuer;
    to fly the Atlantic (pilot, passenger) traverser l'Atlantique en avion; (plane) traverser l'Atlantique;
    her employers flew her to the States ses employeurs l'ont envoyée aux États-Unis en avion;
    we're flying them home on the first flight nous les rapatrions par le premier vol
    (c) (flag → of ship) arborer; (kite) faire voler;
    a flag is flown on public buildings when… tous les bâtiments publics arborent un drapeau quand…
    (d) (flee from → the country) fuir;
    familiar to fly the coop se faire la malle;
    to fly the nest (baby bird) quitter le nid; figurative (person) quitter le foyer familial
    (a) British old-fashioned (sharp) malin(igne), rusé ;
    a fly guy un malin, un rusé
    (b) black American slang (excellent) génial, super, géant; (stylish, attractive) chouette
    ►► fly agaric amanite f tue-mouches;
    fly ball (in baseball) chandelle f;
    fly cruise forfait m avion et croisière;
    Sport fly half (in rugby) demi m d'ouverture;
    to play fly half jouer (en) demi d'ouverture;
    Sport fly kick (in rugby) coup m de pied à suivre;
    Fishing fly rod canne f à mouche;
    fly spray bombe f insecticide
    (bird, insect) voleter, voltiger; (plane, pilot) voler dans les parages, survoler les parages; figurative (rumours) courir;
    there are lots of figures flying about or around on entend tellement de chiffres différents
    (bird, insect, plane) s'envoler
    (bird, insect) revenir; (plane) revenir; (passenger) rentrer en avion
    (person, passengers → to an area) emmener en avion; (→ from an area) ramener en avion; (→ to own country) rapatrier en avion
    (a) (time) passer à toute vitesse;
    the time has flown by! comme le temps a passé!;
    as the days flew by à mesure que les jours s'enfuyaient
    (b) (plane) passer
    fly in
    (a) (person) arriver en avion; (plane) arriver
    (b) (bird, insect) entrer
    (troops, reinforcements, food) envoyer en avion; (of pilot → to an area) emmener; (→ from an area) amener
    fly off
    (a) (bird, insect) s'envoler; (plane) décoller; (person) partir en avion;
    when do you fly off to Paris? quand prenez-vous l'avion pour Paris?;
    she's always flying off somewhere elle est toujours entre deux avions
    (b) (hat, lid) s'envoler; (button) sauter
    (a) (from oil rig, island) évacuer en avion ou hélicoptère
    (b) (transport by plane → to an area) emmener en avion; (→ from an area) amener en avion
    fly out
    (a) (person) partir (en avion), prendre l'avion; (plane) s'envoler;
    planes fly out of the airport at a rate of 20 an hour les avions décollent de l'aéroport au rythme de 20 par heure;
    which airport did you fly out of? de quel aéroport es-tu parti?;
    a medical team flew out to the disaster area une équipe médicale s'est rendue en avion sur la région sinistrée;
    I'll fly out to join you next Monday je prendrai l'avion pour te rejoindre lundi prochain;
    we flew out but we're going back by boat nous avons fait l'aller en avion mais nous rentrons en bateau
    (b) (come out suddenly → from box, pocket) s'échapper;
    the knife flew out of his hand le couteau lui a échappé de la main
    (c) (bird) sortir en volant
    (person, supplies → to an area) envoyer par avion; (→ from an area) évacuer par avion;
    they flew the President out (to a place) ils ont emmené le président en avion; (from a place) ils ont ramené le président en avion
    (a) (plane, bird) passer; (plane → as part of display, ceremony) défiler;
    figurative he flew past on a bicycle il est passé à toute vitesse en bicyclette
    (b) (time, days) passer à toute vitesse
    (a) (plane, bird) s'envoler;
    the plane flew up to 10,000 metres l'avion est monté à 10000 mètres;
    I flew up from London on Saturday j'ai pris l'avion depuis Londres samedi
    (b) (end of plank, lid) se soulever;
    glass flew up into the air des éclats de verre ont été projetés en l'air
    ✾ Book ✾ Film 'One flew over the Cuckoo's Nest' Kesey, Forman 'Vol au-dessus d'un nid de coucou'

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > fly

  • 15 AID

    eid
    1. noun
    (help: Rich countries give aid to developing countries; The teacher uses visual aids; He came to my aid when my car broke down.) ayuda, auxilio

    2. verb
    (to help: I was aided in my search by the library staff.) ayudar, auxiliar
    aid1 n
    1. ayuda / auxilio
    2. ayuda / asistencia
    aid2 vb ayudar
    tr[eɪd]
    1 (help) ayuda; (rescue) auxilio
    1 ayudar, auxiliar
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    in aid of a beneficio de
    to go to somebody's aid socorrer a alguien, acudir en auxilio a alguien
    what's all this in aid of? ¿a qué obedece todo esto?
    economic aid ayuda económica
    humanitarian aid ayuda humanitaria
    aid ['eɪd] vt
    : ayudar, auxiliar
    aid n
    1) help: ayuda f, asistencia f
    2) assistant: asistente mf
    n.
    acudimiento s.m.
    amparo s.m.
    apoyo s.m.
    asistencia s.f.
    auxilio s.m.
    ayuda s.f.
    ayudante s.m.,f.
    favor s.m.
    socorro s.m.
    subsidio s.m.
    v.
    abrigar v.
    amparar v.
    asistir v.
    auxiliar v.
    ayudar v.
    favorecer v.
    guarecer v.

    I eɪd
    a) u (assistance, support) ayuda f

    to come/go to somebody's aid — venir*/ir* en ayuda or (liter) auxilio de alguien

    b) u ( monetary) ayuda f, asistencia f

    a concert in aid of... — un concierto a beneficio de...

    what's all this in aid of? — (BrE colloq) ¿a qué viene todo esto? (fam)

    c) c (apparatus, tool)

    teaching aidsmaterial m didáctico

    visual aidssoporte m (de material) visual


    II

    aided by... — con la ayuda de...

    to aid and abet somebody — ( Law) instigar* or secundar a alguien ( en la comisión de un delito)

    N ABBR
    1) = artificial insemination by donor
    2) (US)
    = Agency for International Development AID f
    3) (US)
    (Admin) = Aid to Families with Dependent Children
    * * *

    I [eɪd]
    a) u (assistance, support) ayuda f

    to come/go to somebody's aid — venir*/ir* en ayuda or (liter) auxilio de alguien

    b) u ( monetary) ayuda f, asistencia f

    a concert in aid of... — un concierto a beneficio de...

    what's all this in aid of? — (BrE colloq) ¿a qué viene todo esto? (fam)

    c) c (apparatus, tool)

    teaching aidsmaterial m didáctico

    visual aidssoporte m (de material) visual


    II

    aided by... — con la ayuda de...

    to aid and abet somebody — ( Law) instigar* or secundar a alguien ( en la comisión de un delito)

    English-spanish dictionary > AID

  • 16 aid

    eid
    1. noun
    (help: Rich countries give aid to developing countries; The teacher uses visual aids; He came to my aid when my car broke down.) ayuda, auxilio

    2. verb
    (to help: I was aided in my search by the library staff.) ayudar, auxiliar
    aid1 n
    1. ayuda / auxilio
    2. ayuda / asistencia
    aid2 vb ayudar
    tr[eɪd]
    1 (help) ayuda; (rescue) auxilio
    1 ayudar, auxiliar
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    in aid of a beneficio de
    to go to somebody's aid socorrer a alguien, acudir en auxilio a alguien
    what's all this in aid of? ¿a qué obedece todo esto?
    economic aid ayuda económica
    humanitarian aid ayuda humanitaria
    aid ['eɪd] vt
    : ayudar, auxiliar
    aid n
    1) help: ayuda f, asistencia f
    2) assistant: asistente mf
    n.
    acudimiento s.m.
    amparo s.m.
    apoyo s.m.
    asistencia s.f.
    auxilio s.m.
    ayuda s.f.
    ayudante s.m.,f.
    favor s.m.
    socorro s.m.
    subsidio s.m.
    v.
    abrigar v.
    amparar v.
    asistir v.
    auxiliar v.
    ayudar v.
    favorecer v.
    guarecer v.

    I eɪd
    a) u (assistance, support) ayuda f

    to come/go to somebody's aid — venir*/ir* en ayuda or (liter) auxilio de alguien

    b) u ( monetary) ayuda f, asistencia f

    a concert in aid of... — un concierto a beneficio de...

    what's all this in aid of? — (BrE colloq) ¿a qué viene todo esto? (fam)

    c) c (apparatus, tool)

    teaching aidsmaterial m didáctico

    visual aidssoporte m (de material) visual


    II

    aided by... — con la ayuda de...

    to aid and abet somebody — ( Law) instigar* or secundar a alguien ( en la comisión de un delito)

    [eɪd]
    1. N
    1) (=assistance) ayuda f

    to come/go to sb's aid — (lit) acudir en ayuda or more frm en auxilio de algn; (in argument) salir en defensa de algn

    a charity performance in aid of the blind — una representación benéfica a beneficio de los ciegos

    what's all this in aid of? * — ¿a qué viene todo esto?

    with the aid of — con la ayuda de

    the star can be seen without the aid of a telescope — la estrella se puede ver sin necesidad or ayuda de un telescopio

    2) (economic, medical) ayuda f
    food 2., legal 2.
    3) (=book, tool) ayuda f
    audiovisual, deaf 3., hearing 2., teaching 2., visual
    4) (=person) asistente mf
    2. VT
    1) [+ progress, process, recovery] (=speed up) acelerar; (=contribute to) contribuir a
    2) [+ person] ayudar

    to aid and abet sb — ser cómplice de algn; (Jur) instigar y secundar a algn

    3.
    4.
    CPD

    aid agency Norganismo m de ayuda

    aid package Ndotación f de ayuda

    aid programme, aid program (US) Nprograma m de ayuda

    aid station N(US) puesto m de socorro

    * * *

    I [eɪd]
    a) u (assistance, support) ayuda f

    to come/go to somebody's aid — venir*/ir* en ayuda or (liter) auxilio de alguien

    b) u ( monetary) ayuda f, asistencia f

    a concert in aid of... — un concierto a beneficio de...

    what's all this in aid of? — (BrE colloq) ¿a qué viene todo esto? (fam)

    c) c (apparatus, tool)

    teaching aidsmaterial m didáctico

    visual aidssoporte m (de material) visual


    II

    aided by... — con la ayuda de...

    to aid and abet somebody — ( Law) instigar* or secundar a alguien ( en la comisión de un delito)

    English-spanish dictionary > aid

  • 17 קפח

    קָפַח 1) (cmp. גבח, כופח) to arch, bend.Denom. קִיפֵּחַ. 2) to slap (with the palm of the hand); to strike. Yalk. Gen. 79 קְפָחַתָּהּ, v. טָפַח I. Y.Yeb.XV, 14d אין החמה קוֹפַחַת עלוכ׳ the sun strikes the head of man only in the harvesting season. Cant. R. to I, 6 קְפָחַתּוֹ החמה עלוכ׳ the sun struck his head, and his face became bronzed. Ib. VI, 10.Gen. R. s. 67 (ref. to Gen. 27:46) קופחת זו לזו וזו לזו slapping this against that, and that against this, i. e. (cmp. נָקַש) believing all of them equally bad.Y.Sabb.XX, end, 17d קפוח, v. next. w.Hor.11b, v. infra. Pi. קִיפֵּחַ 1) same. Gen. R. s. 23 (ref. to וזה, Gen. 11:6) ק׳ על ראשווכ׳ he put his hand upon Nimrods head, saying, this man ; ib. s. 26. 2) to bend, force, outrage, overwhelm. Pes.118a הקב״ה אינו מְקַפֵּחַ שכרוכ׳ the Lord does not outrage (by withholding) the reward of any creature, i. e. even the wicked are rewarded for what good they may do; Naz.23b אין … מקפחאפי׳ שכרוכ׳ God does not withhold the reward even for a decorous word. Y.Dem.I, 22a איפשר … והוא מְקַפְּחוֹ במים(= מק׳ שכרו) is it possible? he honored his Creator with water, and he should outrage him with water (allow his daughter to be drowned)?; Y.Shek.V, 48d bot. מקפתו (corr. acc.). Kidd.52b לקַפְּחֵנִי בהלכותוכ׳ they come to overwhelm me with citations of traditions (of which they will prove me to be ignorant); Naz.49b. Num. R. s. 9 (3 1) קִיפְּחָה נזירות בראשה she forced the nazarite obligations upon her head (the vow was of her own doing); a. fr.Part. pass. מְקוּפָּח; f. מְקוּפַּחַת forced, perverted, distorted. Y.Sot.III, 18d bot. נמצאת מידת הדין מק׳ justice would appear perverted; Num. R. l. c. Ohol. XVI, 1 אקפח … שזו הלכה מק׳ may I bury my children (v. infra), if this is not a distorted (misrepresented) hălakhah; Tosef. ib. XV, 12. 3) to overpower, take from one by force. Y.Snh.VIII, 26b bot. יושב … ומקפח הבריותוכ׳ he will sit at cross-roads and rob the people and kill ; (Bab. ib. 72a ומלסטם); Lev. R. s. 30 ומק׳ לעוברים ושבים. Yoma 83b קִפַּחְתָּ את הרועה thou hast forced the shepherd (to give thee his bread); אני קִפַּחְתִּי … ואתה קפחתוכ׳ I laid the shepherd under contribution, but thou didst so to the whole town (when they all came to his rescue with refreshments). Pesik. R. s. 3 ראה כמה קי׳ לוטוכ׳ see to what extent Lot deprived Abraham of the divine communication!; a. fr. 4) to cover, bury, survive. Ohol. l. c.; Y.Sabb.XVI, 15c bot. אֲקַפֵּחַ את בנייוכ׳ may I bury my children if (an oath frequently used by R. Ṭarfon). B. Mets.85a אותו צדיק שהיה מקפח את בניו that righteous man (Ṭarfon) who used to swear by the life of his children. Pes.87b אין לך כל נביא … שלא ק׳וכ׳ there was not a single prophet that did not survive four kings ; a. fr.Trnsf. a) to ruin. Sabb.147b חמרא … קִיפְּתוּוכ׳ the wine of Prugitha and the baths of D. (luxurious life) ruined ten tribes of Israel. Kidd.IV, 14 (82a); Tosef. ib. V, קיפחתי את פרנסתי I have ruined my livelihood (forfeited the privilege of support without toil like dumb animals); Y. ib. IV, end, 66d (not קופחתי).b) to cover up, retain. Ker.5a bot. קלט את הריח וקִיפְּחוֹ the oil resorbed the scent and retained it; Hor.11b קולט … וקפחו (ed. Ven. וקופיחו; corr. acc.); Yalk. Ex. 387 (not וקיפחן). 5) (denom. of קִפֵּחַ) to make high and arched shoulders, to cause or pretend to be humpbacked. Sot.VIII, 6 כל המבקש … לקַפֵּחַ את שוקיו if anybody attempted to go back (desert the army), he (the officer) was empowered to beat him until he was humpbacked; Sifré Deut. 198; Yalk. ib. 923. Tosef.Peah lV, 14 המקפח את שוקיו (a beggar) who simulates a hump; Keth.68a; Y.Peah VIII, 21b top המנפח (read: המְכַפֵּחַ).

    Jewish literature > קפח

  • 18 קָפַח

    קָפַח 1) (cmp. גבח, כופח) to arch, bend.Denom. קִיפֵּחַ. 2) to slap (with the palm of the hand); to strike. Yalk. Gen. 79 קְפָחַתָּהּ, v. טָפַח I. Y.Yeb.XV, 14d אין החמה קוֹפַחַת עלוכ׳ the sun strikes the head of man only in the harvesting season. Cant. R. to I, 6 קְפָחַתּוֹ החמה עלוכ׳ the sun struck his head, and his face became bronzed. Ib. VI, 10.Gen. R. s. 67 (ref. to Gen. 27:46) קופחת זו לזו וזו לזו slapping this against that, and that against this, i. e. (cmp. נָקַש) believing all of them equally bad.Y.Sabb.XX, end, 17d קפוח, v. next. w.Hor.11b, v. infra. Pi. קִיפֵּחַ 1) same. Gen. R. s. 23 (ref. to וזה, Gen. 11:6) ק׳ על ראשווכ׳ he put his hand upon Nimrods head, saying, this man ; ib. s. 26. 2) to bend, force, outrage, overwhelm. Pes.118a הקב״ה אינו מְקַפֵּחַ שכרוכ׳ the Lord does not outrage (by withholding) the reward of any creature, i. e. even the wicked are rewarded for what good they may do; Naz.23b אין … מקפחאפי׳ שכרוכ׳ God does not withhold the reward even for a decorous word. Y.Dem.I, 22a איפשר … והוא מְקַפְּחוֹ במים(= מק׳ שכרו) is it possible? he honored his Creator with water, and he should outrage him with water (allow his daughter to be drowned)?; Y.Shek.V, 48d bot. מקפתו (corr. acc.). Kidd.52b לקַפְּחֵנִי בהלכותוכ׳ they come to overwhelm me with citations of traditions (of which they will prove me to be ignorant); Naz.49b. Num. R. s. 9 (3 1) קִיפְּחָה נזירות בראשה she forced the nazarite obligations upon her head (the vow was of her own doing); a. fr.Part. pass. מְקוּפָּח; f. מְקוּפַּחַת forced, perverted, distorted. Y.Sot.III, 18d bot. נמצאת מידת הדין מק׳ justice would appear perverted; Num. R. l. c. Ohol. XVI, 1 אקפח … שזו הלכה מק׳ may I bury my children (v. infra), if this is not a distorted (misrepresented) hălakhah; Tosef. ib. XV, 12. 3) to overpower, take from one by force. Y.Snh.VIII, 26b bot. יושב … ומקפח הבריותוכ׳ he will sit at cross-roads and rob the people and kill ; (Bab. ib. 72a ומלסטם); Lev. R. s. 30 ומק׳ לעוברים ושבים. Yoma 83b קִפַּחְתָּ את הרועה thou hast forced the shepherd (to give thee his bread); אני קִפַּחְתִּי … ואתה קפחתוכ׳ I laid the shepherd under contribution, but thou didst so to the whole town (when they all came to his rescue with refreshments). Pesik. R. s. 3 ראה כמה קי׳ לוטוכ׳ see to what extent Lot deprived Abraham of the divine communication!; a. fr. 4) to cover, bury, survive. Ohol. l. c.; Y.Sabb.XVI, 15c bot. אֲקַפֵּחַ את בנייוכ׳ may I bury my children if (an oath frequently used by R. Ṭarfon). B. Mets.85a אותו צדיק שהיה מקפח את בניו that righteous man (Ṭarfon) who used to swear by the life of his children. Pes.87b אין לך כל נביא … שלא ק׳וכ׳ there was not a single prophet that did not survive four kings ; a. fr.Trnsf. a) to ruin. Sabb.147b חמרא … קִיפְּתוּוכ׳ the wine of Prugitha and the baths of D. (luxurious life) ruined ten tribes of Israel. Kidd.IV, 14 (82a); Tosef. ib. V, קיפחתי את פרנסתי I have ruined my livelihood (forfeited the privilege of support without toil like dumb animals); Y. ib. IV, end, 66d (not קופחתי).b) to cover up, retain. Ker.5a bot. קלט את הריח וקִיפְּחוֹ the oil resorbed the scent and retained it; Hor.11b קולט … וקפחו (ed. Ven. וקופיחו; corr. acc.); Yalk. Ex. 387 (not וקיפחן). 5) (denom. of קִפֵּחַ) to make high and arched shoulders, to cause or pretend to be humpbacked. Sot.VIII, 6 כל המבקש … לקַפֵּחַ את שוקיו if anybody attempted to go back (desert the army), he (the officer) was empowered to beat him until he was humpbacked; Sifré Deut. 198; Yalk. ib. 923. Tosef.Peah lV, 14 המקפח את שוקיו (a beggar) who simulates a hump; Keth.68a; Y.Peah VIII, 21b top המנפח (read: המְכַפֵּחַ).

    Jewish literature > קָפַח

  • 19 die Hilfe

    - {abet} - {aid} sự giúp đỡ, sự cứu giúp, sự viện trợ, người giúp đỡ, người phụ tá, thuế, công trái, số nhiều) những phương tiện để giúp đỡ - {assistance} - {backing} sự ủng hộ, những người ủng hộ, sự bồi lại, sự đóng gáy, sự chạy lùi, sự giật lùi, sự lui, sự trở chiều - {crutch} cái nạng pair of crutches), vật chống, vật đỡ, cái chống, đáy chậu, cọc chén, chỗ nương tựa - {favour} thiện ý, sự quý mến, sự đồng ý, sự thuận ý, sự chiếu cố, sự thiên vị, ân huệ, đặc ân, sự che chở, vật ban cho, quà nhỏ, vật kỷ niệm, huy hiệu, thư, sự thứ lỗi, sự cho phép, vẻ mặt - {help} sự giúp ích, phương cứu chữa, lối thoát, phần đưa mời, người làm, người giúp việc trong nhà - {lift} sự nâng lên, sự nhấc lên, sự nâng cao, sự nhấc cao, máy nhấc, thang máy, sự cho đi nhờ xe, sự nâng đỡ, chỗ gồ lên, chỗ nhô lên, sức nâng, trọng lượng nâng, air-lift - {ministration} sự chăm sóc - {redress} sự sửa lại, sự uốn nắn, sự đền bù, sự bồi thường - {relief} sự giảm nhẹ, sự bớt đi, sự làm khuây, sự cứu tế, sự trợ cấp, sự cứu viện, sự giải vây, sự thay phiên, sự đổi gác, cái làm cho vui lên, cái làm cho đỡ đều đều tẻ nhạt, cái làm cho đỡ căng thẳng - relievo, sự nổi bật lên, địa hình - {service} cây thanh lương trà service-tree), sự phục vụ, sự hầu hạ, ban, vụ, sở, cục, ngành phục vụ, sự có ích, sự chỉ dẫn bảo quản, sự giúp đỡ bảo quản, chỗ làm, việc làm, chức vụ, tàu xe phục vụ trên một tuyến đường - bộ, sự tế lễ, buổi lễ, sự giao bóng, lượt giao bóng, cú giao bóng, cách giao bóng, sự tống đạt, sự gửi - {succour} quân cứu viện - {support} người ủng hộ, người nhờ cậy, nơi nương tựa, cột trụ, nguồn sinh sống, cột chống = ohne Hilfe {by itself; by oneself; by yourself; off one's bat; on your own; singlehanded; unaided; unassisted}+ = die erste Hilfe (Medizin) {first aid}+ = mit Hilfe von {by the aid of; by the help of; with the support of}+ = um Hilfe rufen {to call for help; to shout for help}+ = zu Hilfe kommen {to come to rescue}+ = die ärztliche Hilfe {medical assistance}+ = zur Hilfe dienend {auxiliary}+ = Er braucht Hilfe. {He needs helping.}+ = erste Hilfe leisten {to render first aid}+ = Er kam ihr zu Hilfe. {He came to her aid.}+ = jemandem Hilfe verweigern {to refuse to help something}+ = du brauchst unbedingt Hilfe {you're certain to need help}+ = die Kasse der gegenseitigen Hilfe {mutual aid fund}+

    Deutsch-Vietnamesisch Wörterbuch > die Hilfe

  • 20 come

    kʌm гл.
    1) а) подходить, приходить;
    представать, представляться Yonder comes a knight. ≈ Вон подходит рыцарь. Godfather, come and see your boy. ≈ Крестный отец, подойдите же и посмотрите на вашего мальчика. come before the Court Syn: arrive, gain, reach, approach Ant: go, leave б) прибывать, приезжать;
    преодолевать( какое-л. расстояние) We have come many miles by train. ≈ Мы приехали на поезде издалека. Syn: arrive, gain, reach Ant: leave ∙ come one's way come one's ways come into the world come day go day let'em all come! ≈ будь что будет! мы не боимся! (формула, выражающая бесстрашие перед лицом противных обстоятельств)
    2) достигать какой-л. конечной, предельной точки а) делаться, становиться - come short б) доходить, достигать ( какого-л. значения какой-л. величины), равняться, составлять;
    простираться( до какого-л. предела, границы) The bill comes to 357 pounds. ≈ Счет составляет 357 фунтов. Does the railway come near the town? ≈ Насколько близко к городу железная дорога? Syn: reach в) приходить в соприкосновение с чем-л., вступать в связь с чем-л., (обычно с указанием, с чем именно) The carbines will come into play. ≈ В игру вступят карабины. She came into collision with a steamer. ≈ Она столкнулась с пароходом. г) наступать, случаться, происходить (может прямо не переводиться) A compromise was come to. ≈ Был достигнут компромисс. All her masts came immediately by the board. ≈ Мгновенно все мачты оказались за бортом. come to an end Syn: happen, occur come what may ≈ будь, что будет д) появляться, проявляться( о различных объектах) ;
    прорастать( о семенах вообще, но в частности о зерне в процессе пивоварения) This word comes on the page
    200. ≈ Это слово встречается на странице
    200. He sowed turnips, but none of them came. ≈ Он посадил репу, но она не выросла. е) сл. испытывать оргазм, "кончать" (иногда в сочетании с off) ж) выпадать, доставаться кому-л. (о вещи, доле и т.п.) ;
    передаваться по наследству, по договору и т.п. Stanbury belongs to us. It came through my mother. ≈ Стенбери принадлежит нам. Мы получили его в наследство от моей матери. have it coming to one з) получаться, выходить;
    подходить, достигать состояния готовности (о сыре, масле и т.д.) He repainted the figure, but it wouldn't come well. ≈ Он заново нарисовал фигуру, но она никак не хотела выйти хорошо.
    3) происходить, истекать ((из какого-л. источника;
    также о роде)) ;
    следовать, вытекать( как следствие из причины) Words which come originally from the Latin. ≈ Слова, изначально пришедшие из латыни. I came from a race of fishers. ≈ Я из рыбацкого рода. No good could come of it. ≈ Из этого не выйдет ничего хорошего.
    4) поставляться (обычно в каком-л. виде, о товарах) The car comes with or without the rear wing. ≈ Машина поставляется в двух модификациях - с задним антикрылом и без заднего антикрыла.
    5) в повелительном наклонении: восклицание, означающее а) приглашение, побуждение или легкий упрек, т.е. ну, давай, вперед и т.д. б) просьбу быть аккуратнее, осторожнее, т.е. стой, погоди и т.п.
    6) в сочетании с причастием настоящего времени: появляться, происходить, начинать происходить, сопровождаясь действием или характеристикой, выраженной указанным причастием The fog came pouring in at every chink and keyhole. ≈ Изо всех щелей и замочных скважин полился туман. ∙ come about come across come across as come after come again come along come amiss come apart come around come around to come asunder come at come away come away with come back come back to come before come between come by come clean come close to come down come down on come down to come down to brass tacks come down to brass nails come down with come first come for come forward come from come home come home to come in come in for come in on come into come near come next come of come off come on come out come out against come out at come out for come out from come out in come out of come over come round come short of come through come to come together come under come up come up against come up for come up to come up with come upon come within come on! ≈ живей!;
    продолжайте!;
    идем (тж. как формула вызова) to come out with one's life ≈ остаться в живых, уцелеть (после боя и т. п.) (which is) to come ≈ грядущий;
    будущий pleasure to come ≈ предвкушаемое удовольствие light come light go ≈ что досталось легко, быстро исчезает to come down to brass tacks ≈ говорить о фактах to come down to earthспуститься с небес на землю to come when one's ship comes ≈ когда кто-л. станет богатым to come in on the ground floorначать дело с нуля to come out of the blueнеожиданно появляться, наступать to come out of one's shell ≈ выйти из своей скорлупы to come easy toне представлять трудностей для( кого-л.) to come to harmпострадать to come in usefulприйтись кстати to come natural ≈ быть естественным things to comeгрядущее in days to come ≈ в будущем to come to the bookприносить присягу перед исполнением обязанностей судьи to come it strongдействовать энергично to come it too strongперестараться to come apart at the seamsпотерять самообладание, выдержку to come of ageдостигать совершеннолетия - come to bat - come to pass to come to stay приходить;
    идти;
    - to * to the office приходить на службу;
    - to * home приходить домой;
    - to * down спускаться, опускаться;
    - please ask him to * down пожалуйста, попросите его сойти вниз;
    - the curtain came down занавес опустился;
    - to * up подниматься, идти вверх;
    - I saw him coming up the hill я видел, как он поднимался в гору;
    - the diver came up at last наконец водолаз появился на поверхности;
    - the curtain came up занавес поднялся;
    - to * along the street идти по улице;
    - I saw him coming along the road я видел, как он шел по дороге;
    - to * by проходить мимо;
    - I will wait here until he *s by я буду ждать здесь, пока он не пройдет (мимо) ;
    - to * forward выходить вперед, выступить( из рядов) ;
    - volunteers, * forward добровольцы, вперед!;
    - to * in входить;
    - ask him to * in попросите его войти;
    - to * into a room входить в комнату;
    - to * out выходить;
    - when he came out it was dark когда он вышел( из дома), было уже темно;
    - the moon has * out взошла луна;
    - to * out of one's shell выйти из своей скорлупы;
    - to * back вернуться, прийти назад;
    - he will * back он возвратится;
    - to * late приходить поздно;
    - to * to smb. for advice прийти к кому-л за советом;
    - he often *s to see me он часто навещает меня;
    - * and see what I have found приходите посмотреть, что я нашел приезжать, прибывать;
    - the train *s at three o'clock поезд прибывает в три часа;
    - he came to London last night он приехал в Лондон вчера вечером;
    - he has * a long way он приехал издалека идти;
    ехать;
    - I'm coming with you я иду с вами;
    - *! пошли!, идем!;
    - coming! иду!, сечас!;
    - are you coming my way? вам со мной по пути? - to * past проходить мимо;
    - a number of people came past мимо прошло много народу;
    - the soldier had orders not to let anybody * past солдат получил приказ никого не пропускать;
    - to * and go ходить взад и вперед;
    - we have * many miles мы проехали много миль проходить, приближаться;
    - the girl started when he came hear девочка вздрогнула, когда он приблизился;
    - I now * to the third point теперь я перехожу к третьему вопросу доходить, достигать;
    - the forest came to the very bank лес доходил до самого берега;
    - does the railway * right to the town? подходит ли железнодорожная линия к самому городу?;
    - his voice came to me through the mist его голос доносился до меня сквозь туман;
    - through the open window came the sounds of a piano из открытого окна раздавались звуки рояля;
    - it came to me that... до меня дошло, что..., мне стало известно, что...;
    - it came to me at last that... наконец до моего сознания дошло, что... равняться, достигать;
    - your bill *s to $10 ваш счет равняется десяти долларам;
    - his earnings * to $1,000 a year его заработок составляет тысячу долларов в год;
    - let us put it all together and see what it will * to давайте сложим все это и посмотрим, что получится сводиться( к чему-л) ;
    - it all *s to the same thing все это сводится к одному и тому же;
    - what he knows does not * to much его знания невелики;
    - to * to nothing окончиться ничем, свестись к нулю;
    сойти на нет прийти (к чему-л) ;
    достичь( чего-л) ;
    - to * to an understanding прийти к соглашению, договориться;
    - to * to a decision принять решение;
    - to * to an end прийти к концу, окончиться наступать, приходить;
    - spring came пришла весна;
    - a crisis is coming приближается кризис;
    - his turn came наступила его очередь, настал его черед;
    - ill luck came to me меня постигла неудача;
    - dinner came at last наконец подали обед;
    - success is yet to * успех еще впереди ожидаться, предстоять;
    - the time to * будущее;
    - the years to * грядущие годы;
    - the life to * будущая жизнь;
    - orders to * предстоящие заказы;
    - for three months to * в течение трех следующих месяцев появляться, возникать;
    - an idea came into his head ему пришла в голову мысль, у него возникла идея;
    - inspiration came to him на него нашло вдохновение;
    - it came to me у меня появилась мысль;
    я припомнил;
    - it *s to me that I owe you money я припоминаю, что я вам должен;
    - his colour came and went он то краснел, то бледнел - he tried to speak but no word would * from his mouth он хотел что-то сказать, но не мог вымолвить ни слова находиться;
    - on what page does it *? на какой это странице? случаться;
    происходить;
    проистекать;
    - this *s from disobedience это происходит от непослушания;
    - how did it * that you quarrelled? как это вы поссорились? - no harm will * to you с тобой ничего не случится;
    тебе ничего не грозит;
    - be ready for whatever *s будь готов ко всему;
    - * what may будь что будет выходить, получаться, приводить;
    - to * to good дать хороший результат;
    - to * to no good плохо кончить;
    - to * to harm пострадать;
    попасть в беду, неприятность;
    - it will * all right in the end в конце концов все будет в порядке;
    - nothing came of the matter из этого дела ничего не вышло;
    no good will * of it ничего хорошего из этого не получиться, это до добра не доведет;
    - a dream that came true сбывшаяся мечна;
    - the dress would not * as she wanted платье получилось не таким, как ей хотелось;
    - her jelly won't * желе у нее не застывало;
    - the butter came very quickly todey сегодня масло сбилось очень быстро происходить, иметь происхождение;
    - this word *s from Latin это слово латинского происхождения;
    - this book *s from his library эта книга из его библиотеки;
    - he *s from London он родом из Лондона;
    - she *s from a well-known family она происходит из известной семьи доставаться;
    - the house is coming to his son after his death после его смерти дом достанется сыну прорастать, всходить, расти;
    - the corn *s пшеница всходит;
    - the barley had * remarkably well ячмень дал отличные всходы (американизм) (разговорное) устроить, сделать( что-л) ;
    - to * a trick over one's pal сыграть плохую шутку со своим другом( разговорное) испытать оргазм, кончить (тж. * on, * now) в грам. знач. междометия выражает: побуждение к совершению какого-л. действия: ну!, живо!, давай!;
    - * out with it, boy ну, парень, выкладывай упрек, протест: ну что вы!;
    - what? He here! Oh! *, *! как? Он здесь?! Да оставьте вы! увещевание: полно!, ну, ну!;
    - *, *, you shouldn't speak like that! ну полно, вы не должны так говорить!;
    - now *! be patient! ну потерпите;
    имей термение;
    - *, *, don't be so foolish! ну, ну, не дури! в грам. знач. предлога: (если) считать, считая с (такого-то дня) ;
    - a fortnight * Sunday через две недели (считая) со следующего воскресенья;
    - it'll be a year * Monday since he left в будущий понедельник год, как он уехал становиться (известным) ;
    приобретать (положение) ;
    - to * into notice привлечь внимание;
    - author who is beginning to * into notice автор, который начинает завоевывать известность;
    - to * into the public eye привлечь к себе внимание общественности;
    - to * into prominence стать известным вступать (во владение) ;
    получить( в наследство) ;
    - he came into some money он получил в наследство немного денег;
    - he came into an inheritance он получил наследство вступать (в должность) ;
    - to * into office вступить в должность;
    прийти к власти;
    - he came into power он пришел к власти вступать (в конфликт, в сговор) ;
    - to * into conflict вступить в конфликт;
    - to * into collision столкнуться, войти в противоречие переходитьдругую фазу) - to * into flower расцвести, выходить в цветок;
    вступать в пору цветения;
    - to * into ear колоситься, выходить в колос войти (в употребление, обиход) ;
    - to * into use войти в употребление;
    - to * into disuse выйти из употребления вступить (в силу) ;
    - to * into effect вступать в силу;
    - to * into operation начать действовать или применяться;
    вступать в силу входить (в компетенцию, обязанности) ;
    - to * within the terms of reference относиться к ведению;
    - that doesn't * within my duties это не входит в мои обязанности быть, являться - to * natural быть естественным;
    - to * easy не представлять трудностей;
    - it came as a surprise это явилось полной неожиданностью;
    - it will * very cheap to you это обойдется вам очень дешево выпускаться;
    продаваться - they * in all shapes они бывают всех видов, они бывают разные;
    - the dress *s in three sizes имеются три размера этого платься;
    - this soup comes in a can этот суп продается в жестяных банках в сочетании с последующим причастием настоящего времени называет действие, выраженное причастием;
    - he came riding он приехал верхом;
    - he came galloping он прискакал галопом;
    - he came running он прибежал;
    - the rain came pouring полил дождь > to * home попасть в цель;
    попасть не в бровь, а в глаз;
    задеть за живое;
    > to * home to smb. доходить до чьего-л сознания;
    растрогать кого-л до глубины души, найти отклик в чьей-л душе;
    > to * short of smth. испытывать недостаток в чем-л;
    не хватать;
    не соответствовать;
    не опревдать ожиданий, надежд > her money came short of her expenditure ей не хватило денег на расходы;
    > this *s short of accepted standards это не соответствует принятым нормам;
    > to * to a head созреть( о нарыве) ;
    назреть, перейти в решающую стадию;
    > to * to light обнаружиться, стать известным;
    > to * in sight появиться, показаться;
    > oh, * off it! (американизм) (грубое) заткнись!, перестань трепаться!;
    перестань!, хватит!, прекрати!;
    > off your perch /your high horse/! не зазнавайтесь!, не задирайте нос!;
    > * off the grass! не вмешивайтесь не в свои дела!;
    брось задаваться!;
    брось преувеличивать!;
    не ври!;
    > to * out of action( военное) выйти из боя;
    выйти из строя;
    > * out of that! перестань вмешиваться!, не суйся!, не лезь!;
    > to * a long way преуспеть > to * the old soldier over smb. поучать кого-л, командовать кем-л;
    обманывать, надувать кого-л;
    > * quick! (радиотехника) сигнал общего вызова;
    > to * one's way выпасть на чью-л долю;
    > to * to the point говорить по существу дела;
    делать стойку (о собаке) ;
    > to * into play начать действовать;
    быть полезным, пригодиться;
    > to * it strong (сленг) зайти слишком далеко;
    хватить через край;
    действовать решительно, быть напористым;
    > that is coming it a little too strong это уж слишком!;
    > not to know whether one is coming or going растеряться, потерять голову;
    не знать, на каком ты свете;
    > * day, go day день да ночь - сутки прочь;
    > it's * day, go day with him ему ни до чего нет дела;
    день прожил - и ладно;
    > everything *s him who waits кто ждет, тот дождется;
    терпение и труд все перетрут;
    > after dinner *s the reckoning поел - плати!;
    любишь кататься - люби и саночки возить;
    > he who *s uncalled, sits unserved пришел без приглашения - не жди угощения ~ off иметь успех;
    удаваться, проходить с успехом;
    all came off satisfactorily все сошло благополучно;
    to come off with honour выйти с честью ~, ~, be not so hasty! подождите, подождите, не торопитесь! ~ доходить, достигать;
    равняться;
    the bill comes to 500 roubles счет составляет 500 рублей ~ в сочетании с причастием настоящего времени передает возникновение действия, выраженного причастием: the boy came running into the room мальчик вбежал в комнату ~ делаться, становиться;
    things will come right все обойдется, все будет хорошо;
    my dreams came true мои мечты сбылись;
    butter will not come масло никак не сбивается come в повелительном наклонении восклицание, означающее приглашение, побуждение или легкий упрек: come, tell me all you know about it ну, расскажите же все, что вы об этом знаете come в повелительном наклонении восклицание, означающее приглашение, побуждение или легкий упрек: come, tell me all you know about it ну, расскажите же все, что вы об этом знаете ~ в сочетании с причастием настоящего времени передает возникновение действия, выраженного причастием: the boy came running into the room мальчик вбежал в комнату ~ вести свое происхождение;
    происходить;
    he comes from London он уроженец Лондона;
    he comes of a working family он из рабочей семьи;
    that comes from your carelessness все это от твоей небрежности ~ выпадать (на чью-л. долю) ;
    доставаться (кому-л.) ;
    it came on my head это свалилось мне на голову;
    ill luck came to me меня постигла неудача ~ делаться, становиться;
    things will come right все обойдется, все будет хорошо;
    my dreams came true мои мечты сбылись;
    butter will not come масло никак не сбивается ~ доходить, достигать;
    равняться;
    the bill comes to 500 roubles счет составляет 500 рублей ~, ~, be not so hasty! подождите, подождите, не торопитесь! ~, ~, be not so hasty! подождите, подождите, не торопитесь! ~ прибывать;
    приезжать;
    she has just come from London она только что приехала из Лондона ~ (came;
    ~) приходить, подходить;
    help came in the middle of the battle в разгар боя подошла помощь;
    one shot came after another выстрелы следовали один за другим ~ случаться, происходить, бывать;
    how did it come that..? как это случилось, что..? how comes it? почему это получается?, как это выходит?;
    come what may будь, что будет ~ down разг. come раскошелиться;
    come down with your money! раскошеливайтесь! ~ about менять направление( о ветре) ;
    come across (случайно) встретиться (с кем-л.) ;
    натолкнуться( на что-л.) ~ about происходить, случаться ~ about менять направление( о ветре) ;
    come across (случайно) встретиться (с кем-л.) ;
    натолкнуться (на что-л.) ~ across! разг. признавайся! ~ across! разг. раскошеливайся! ~ after искать, домогаться ~ after наследовать;
    come again возвращаться ~ after следовать ~ after наследовать;
    come again возвращаться ~ apart, ~ asunder распадаться на части ~ apart, ~ asunder распадаться на части ~ at нападать, набрасываться;
    добраться( до кого-л.) ;
    just let me come at him дайте мне только добраться до него ~ at получить доступ( к чему-л.), добиться( чего-л.) ;
    how did you come at the information? как вы это узнали? ~ away отламываться;
    the handle came away in my hand ручка отломилась и осталась у меня в руках ~ away уходить ~ back возвращаться ~ back вспоминаться ~ back спорт. обрести прежнюю форму ~ back отвечать тем же самым, отплатить той же монетой ~ back спорт. отставать ~ back очнуться, прийти в себя ~ before превосходить ~ before предшествовать to ~ before the Court предстать перед судом ~ by доставать, достигать ~ by амер. заходить ~ by проходить мимо ~ down быть поваленным (о дереве) ~ down быть разрушенным (о постройке) ~ down деградировать;
    to come down in the world потерять состояние, положение;
    опуститься ~ down амер, разг. заболеть( with - чем-л.) ~ down набрасываться (upon, on - на) ;
    бранить, наказывать( upon, on - кого-л.) ~ down падать (о снеге, дожде) ~ down переходить по традиции ~ down приходить, приезжать ~ down разг. come раскошелиться;
    come down with your money! раскошеливайтесь! ~ down спадать, ниспадать ~ down спускаться;
    опускаться down: ~ вниз;
    to climb down слезать;
    to come down спускаться;
    to flow down стекать to come (или to drop) ~ (on smb.) набрасываться (на кого-л.), бранить (кого-л.) ~ down деградировать;
    to come down in the world потерять состояние, положение;
    опуститься world: so goes (или wags) the ~ такова жизнь;
    to come down in the world опуститься, утратить былое положение ~ down разг. come раскошелиться;
    come down with your money! раскошеливайтесь! ~ for заходить за ~ for нападать на ~ forward выходить вперед;
    выдвигаться ~ forward откликаться ~ forward предлагать свои услуги ~ in вступать (в должность) ;
    приходить к власти ~ in входить ~ in входить в моду ~ in амер. жеребиться, телиться ~ in оказаться полезным, пригодиться (тж. come in useful) ;
    where do I come in? разг. чем я могу быть полезен?;
    какое это имеет ко мне отношение? ~ in прибывать (о поезде, пароходе) ~ in спорт. прийти к финишу;
    to come in first победить, прийти первым;
    come in for получить (что-л.) (напр., свою долю и т. п.) ~ in созревать ~ in спорт. прийти к финишу;
    to come in first победить, прийти первым;
    come in for получить (что-л.) (напр., свою долю и т. п.) ~ in спорт. прийти к финишу;
    to come in first победить, прийти первым;
    come in for получить (что-л.) (напр., свою долю и т. п.) ~ into вступать в ~ into получать в наследство to ~ into being( или existence) возникать;
    to come into the world родиться;
    to come into force вступать в силу;
    to come into notice привлечь внимание to ~ into being (или existence) возникать;
    to come into the world родиться;
    to come into force вступать в силу;
    to come into notice привлечь внимание force: ~ сила, действие ( закона, постановления и т. п.) ;
    to come into force вступать в силу force: come into ~ вступать в силу to ~ into being (или existence) возникать;
    to come into the world родиться;
    to come into force вступать в силу;
    to come into notice привлечь внимание notice: to bring( или to call) to (smb.'s) ~ доводить до сведения( кого-л.) ;
    to come to (smb.'s) notice стать известным (кому-л.) ;
    to come into notice привлечь внимание to ~ into play начать действовать;
    to come into position воен. занять позицию;
    to come into sight появиться play: to come into ~ начать действовать;
    in full play в действии, в разгаре to ~ into play начать действовать;
    to come into position воен. занять позицию;
    to come into sight появиться to ~ into play начать действовать;
    to come into position воен. занять позицию;
    to come into sight появиться to ~ into being (или existence) возникать;
    to come into the world родиться;
    to come into force вступать в силу;
    to come into notice привлечь внимание ~ off амер. замолчать;
    oh, come off it! да перестань же! ~ off иметь успех;
    удаваться, проходить с успехом;
    all came off satisfactorily все сошло благополучно;
    to come off with honour выйти с честью ~ off отделываться;
    he came off a loser он остался в проигрыше;
    he came off clear он вышел сухим из воды ~ off отрываться( напр., о пуговице) ~ off происходить, иметь место ~ off сходить, слезать ~ off удаляться ~ off амер. замолчать;
    oh, come off it! да перестань же! ~ off иметь успех;
    удаваться, проходить с успехом;
    all came off satisfactorily все сошло благополучно;
    to come off with honour выйти с честью ~ on возникать (о вопросе) ~ on! живей!;
    продолжайте!;
    идем (тж. как формула вызова) ~ on наступать, нападать ~ on натыкаться, наскакивать;
    поражать( о болезни) ~ on появляться (на сцене) ~ on преуспевать;
    делать успехи ~ on приближаться;
    налететь, разразиться( о ветре, шквале) ;
    a storm is coming on приближается гроза ~ on рассматриваться (в суде) ~ on расти ~ out выходить;
    to come out of oneself стать менее замкнутым ~ out выходить ~ out дебютировать( на сцене, в обществе) ~ out обнаруживаться;
    проявляться ~ out обнаруживаться ~ out объявлять забастовку ~ out появляться (в печати) ~ out выходить;
    to come out of oneself стать менее замкнутым ~ out on strike объявлять забастовку to ~ short не достигнуть цели to ~ short не оправдать ожиданий to ~ short не хватить short: to come (или to fall) ~ (of smth.) не достигнуть цели to come (или to fall) ~ (of smth.) не оправдать ожиданий to come (или to fall) ~ (of smth.) не хватать, иметь недостаток( в чем-л.) to come (или to fall) ~ (of smth.) уступать( в чем-л.) ;
    this book comes short of satisfactory эта книга оставляет желать много лучшего ~ to приходить ~ to равняться ~ to составлять to: ~ bring ~ привести в сознание;
    to come to прийти в сознание;
    to and fro взад и вперед ~ to a decision приходить к решению ~ to a halt останавливаться ~ to a standstill оказываться в тупике standstill: ~ остановка, бездействие, застой;
    to come to a standstill оказаться в тупике;
    work was at a standstill работа совсем остановилась ~ to an end заканчивать ~ to prevail приобретать по праву давности ~ to terms договариваться ~ to terms приходить к соглашению term: ~ pl условия соглашения;
    договор;
    to come to terms( или to make terms) (with smb.) прийти к соглашению (с кем-л.) ~ to the rescue приходить на помощь rescue: ~ спасение;
    освобождение, избавление;
    to come (или to go) to the rescue помогать, приходить на помощь ~ случаться, происходить, бывать;
    how did it come that..? как это случилось, что..? how comes it? почему это получается?, как это выходит?;
    come what may будь, что будет what: ~ the hell? ну и что?, подумаешь!;
    come what may будь, что будет;
    what on earth( или in the blazes, in the world)...? черт возьми, бога ради... ~ away отламываться;
    the handle came away in my hand ручка отломилась и осталась у меня в руках he came in for a lot of trouble ему здорово досталось ~ off отделываться;
    he came off a loser он остался в проигрыше;
    he came off clear он вышел сухим из воды ~ off отделываться;
    he came off a loser он остался в проигрыше;
    he came off clear он вышел сухим из воды ~ вести свое происхождение;
    происходить;
    he comes from London он уроженец Лондона;
    he comes of a working family он из рабочей семьи;
    that comes from your carelessness все это от твоей небрежности ~ вести свое происхождение;
    происходить;
    he comes from London он уроженец Лондона;
    he comes of a working family он из рабочей семьи;
    that comes from your carelessness все это от твоей небрежности ~ (came;
    ~) приходить, подходить;
    help came in the middle of the battle в разгар боя подошла помощь;
    one shot came after another выстрелы следовали один за другим ~ случаться, происходить, бывать;
    how did it come that..? как это случилось, что..? how comes it? почему это получается?, как это выходит?;
    come what may будь, что будет how: ~ comes it?, ~ is it? разг. как это получается?, почему так выходит?;
    how so? как так? ~ случаться, происходить, бывать;
    how did it come that..? как это случилось, что..? how comes it? почему это получается?, как это выходит?;
    come what may будь, что будет ~ at получить доступ( к чему-л.), добиться (чего-л.) ;
    how did you come at the information? как вы это узнали? ~ выпадать (на чью-л. долю) ;
    доставаться (кому-л.) ;
    it came on my head это свалилось мне на голову;
    ill luck came to me меня постигла неудача ~ выпадать (на чью-л. долю) ;
    доставаться (кому-л.) ;
    it came on my head это свалилось мне на голову;
    ill luck came to me меня постигла неудача ~ at нападать, набрасываться;
    добраться (до кого-л.) ;
    just let me come at him дайте мне только добраться до него the knot has ~ undone узел развязался the moonshine came streaming in through the open window в открытое окно лился лунный свет ~ делаться, становиться;
    things will come right все обойдется, все будет хорошо;
    my dreams came true мои мечты сбылись;
    butter will not come масло никак не сбивается ~ (came;
    ~) приходить, подходить;
    help came in the middle of the battle в разгар боя подошла помощь;
    one shot came after another выстрелы следовали один за другим ~ прибывать;
    приезжать;
    she has just come from London она только что приехала из Лондона ~ on приближаться;
    налететь, разразиться (о ветре, шквале) ;
    a storm is coming on приближается гроза come в повелительном наклонении восклицание, означающее приглашение, побуждение или легкий упрек: come, tell me all you know about it ну, расскажите же все, что вы об этом знаете ~ вести свое происхождение;
    происходить;
    he comes from London он уроженец Лондона;
    he comes of a working family он из рабочей семьи;
    that comes from your carelessness все это от твоей небрежности ~ делаться, становиться;
    things will come right все обойдется, все будет хорошо;
    my dreams came true мои мечты сбылись;
    butter will not come масло никак не сбивается this work comes to me эта работа приходится на мою долю ~ in оказаться полезным, пригодиться (тж. come in useful) ;
    where do I come in? разг. чем я могу быть полезен?;
    какое это имеет ко мне отношение?

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > come

См. также в других словарях:

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